The U.S Supreme Court ruled against the violent crimes against women act in 1994. Their ruling was made based on the idea that parts of the law were unconstitutional.
Congress created the law that fixed the number of justices on the Supreme Court in 1869; the number has not changed since then. Under the US Constitution, the number of justices is not mentioned. Congress decides how many justices there shall be and has changed the number from time to time.
The President of the United States, who currently (in 2013) is Barack Obama, has the responsiblity of carrying out the laws enacted by Congress as interpreted by the Supreme Court.
Three safeguards against abuse of presidential power are Congress, Supreme Court, and the ability of Congress to impeach.
The First Congress made that decision and enacted it in the Judiciary Act of 1789.
Yes, the Supreme Court has the authority to rule against a law passed by Congress if it determines that the law is unconstitutional. This power is derived from the doctrine of judicial review established in the landmark case Marbury v. Madison in 1803.
The Supreme Court
The President submits his choice to be a Supreme Court Justice for approval to the Congress. If the Congress does not vote for approval, (and there have been times when they voted against the President's choices), the person does not become a Supreme Court Justice and the President has to select someone else and have that person voted for by the Congress.
Congress had overreached its authority under the commerce clause.
Congress can attempt to rewrite the law so that it conforms with the Supreme Court's interpretation of the Constitution; or, they can abandon an ill-conceived law; or, they can attempt to call a Constitutional Convention or work with the states to amend the Constitution (the least likely and most time-consuming solution). Congress cannot nullify the Supreme Court decision, however. In most cases, they either rewrite or abandon the legislation. Congress also sometimes ignores Supreme Court decisions, although they are not supposed to.
The judicial review works as a check against Congress because any new or old law can be challenged. If the law is challenged then the Supreme Court must review it to see if it the law is Constitutional or not.
Eight.28 USC § 1, enacted by Congress, states: "The Supreme Court of the United States shall consist of a Chief Justice of the United States and eight associate justices, any six of whom shall constitute a quorum."
No, the Supreme Court is part of the Judicial Branch. Congress is part of the legislative branch.