What do ADT's products do to provide security and fire protection?

How you describe operations of stack ADT using c template functions?

No, because C does not support the concept of template functions. Template functions only exist in C++, never in C.

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What are the difference between priority queue and queue?

This chapter presents two ADTs: Queues and Priority Queues. In real life a queue is a line of customers waiting for service of some kind. In most cases, the first customer in line is the next customer to be served. There are exceptions, though. For example, at airports customers whose flight is leaving imminently are sometimes taken from the middle of the queue. Also, at supermarkets a polite customer might let someone with only a few items go first.The rule that determines who goes next is called a queueing discipline. The simplest queueing discipline is called FIFO, for "first-in-first-out." The most general queueing discipline is priority queueing, in which each customer is assigned a priority, and the customer with the highest priority goes first, regardless of the order of arrival. The reason I say this is the most general discipline is that the priority can be based on anything: what time a flight leaves, how many groceries the customer has, or how important the customer is. Of course, not all queueing disciplines are "fair," but fairness is in the eye of the beholder.The Queue ADT and the Priority Queue ADT have the same set of operations and their interfaces are the same. The difference is in the semantics of the operations: a Queue uses the FIFO policy, and a Priority Queue (as the name suggests) uses the priority queueing policy.As with most ADTs, there are a number of ways to implement queues Since a queue is a collection of items, we can use any of the basic mechanisms for storing collections: arrays, lists, or vectors. Our choice among them will be based in part on their performance--- how long it takes to perform the operations we want to perform--- and partly on ease of implemen

Why class is called abstract data type?

an array is a collection of similar elements. abstract data type is a mathematical model which contains a class of data types that have similar behaviour. so array is an abstract data type.

What are the applications of An Abstract Class in c plus plus?

An abstract class is a class that has a pure virtual function. A pure virtual function can be used in a base class if the function that is virtualised contains parameters that can and should be interchangeable, but the function should remain intact. For example, there is a base class Object in a game that will contain movement for simple objects, but the movement function may need to use different parameters per object.

What must a programmer know about an adt abstract data type to use it what values it can hold which operations it can perform how these operations are implemented?

Abstract data types (ADTs) are defined by base class designers. An ADT differs from an ordinary base class in that it has a pure-virtual interface. As with all base classes, the protected interface is intended for use by class implementers while the public interface is intended for all programmers (consumers). All member data should be declared private. Even if there is no invariant associated with the data, declaring it private and providing a public interface ensures that any changes to the class representation will not affect consumers. Member data is an implementation detail that should be of no concern to either the class implementer or the consumer. Protected member data should always be treated with suspicion as this essentially exposes an implementation detail to implementers that could undermine encapsulation. Abstract data types in particular should have few data members, preferably none at all. Class implementers are only concerned with the protected and public interfaces of their bass classes. Protected interfaces should be fully-documented as the implementer needs to know which methods need to be overridden and for what reason. A common convention is to place the protected interface default implementations in a separate translation unit, typically with a "_impl" suffix. This helps implementers examine the implementation details and thus eliminate redundant/duplicate code from their overrides. Nevertheless, a well-defined interface should be self-documenting and intuitive; the class header file should provide all the documentation necessary for an implementer or consumer to use the class without the need to examine the implementation details.

What is abstract data type for C Plus Plus examples?

An abstract data type (ADT) exists purely to provide a common interface to all the objects that may be derived from it, without providing the full implementation of that interface. It is a concept rather than an actual object.For instance, an Animal object is a fairly general class of object, while Cat and Dog are specific types of Animal. It does not make sense to allow users to create an instance of Animal, since it would impossible to provide an implementation for every type of animal that that class could possibly represent.For instance, all animals make a noise, so it makes sense for the Animal class to have a MakeNoise() method. But we cannot implement this method since the Animal class would have to determine what type of animal it actually was before it could produce the correct sound. Animals simply do not do this in real life: a dog does not ask itself whether it is a cat or a dog before deciding that it should bark rather than meow!So we declare Animal to be an ADT by making the MakeNoise() method pure-virtual. We can then derive a Cat object from our Animal ADT and implement the MakeNoise() method within the Cat object. We can do the same for the Dog class, a Mouse class, an Elephant class, and so on. Each specific object knows what sound it must make.Since all these specific classes are derived from a common ADT, the Animal class, we can create collections of animals, without regard to their specific type. When we call an animal's MakeNoise() method, a Cat object will meow while a Dog object will bark, the Mouse will squeak and the Elephant will trumpet. We've effectively called a general method but got a specific method instead, without having to work out which specific method to call.That is the essence of all ADTs; by creating a new data type from an ADT, we can provide a specific implementation for an already existing common interface. Clients of the ADT (such as a queue or stack) needn't know what data types it contains, nor what data types it could contain in the future because they already know the common interface of the ADT. If you decide you want a lion in your queue, derive one from the ADT and the client won't care: the MakeNoise() method will make the lion roar!

What is the difference between abstract class and static class?

Abstract ClassAn abstract class is an abstract data type (ADT) or abstract base class (ABC). It is a conceptual class. Unlike concrete classes which can serve as generic base classes for more specialised classes, ADTs can only be instantiated through derivation. For instance, circles, triangles and rectangles are all types of shape and all can therefore be derived from a shape base class. However you wouldn't want consumers instantiating a generic shape since it would be impossible to work with a shape without knowing what type of shape it actually was. Thus the shape class is an ideal candidate for an ADT. An ADT is simply a base class that has one or more pure-virtual methods. A pure-virtual method is similar to a virtual method except that the ADT need not provide any implementation for that method. Even if it does provide a generic implementation, all derivatives must override that method, even if only to call the generic base class method. This ensures that all derivatives provide their own specialised implementations. A derivative that does not provide an implementation for all the pure-virtual methods it inherits becomes an ADT itself. However any implementations that it does provide can subsequently be inherited by its derivatives (those methods effectively become virtual methods rather than a pure-virtual method). Only classes that provide or inherit a complete implementation of all pure-virtual methods can physically be instantiated.Going back to our shape class, the shape::draw() method is an ideal candidate for a pure-virtual function since it is impossible to draw a shape without knowing what type of shape it is. However, a circle class would be expected to know how to draw itself thus it can provide the specific implementation for drawing circles. Similarly, rectangles and triangles will provide their own specific implementations. This then makes it possible to store a collection of generic shapes and have them draw themselves without the need to know their actual type; as with all virtual methods, the derivatives behave according to their actual type.Static ClassA static class is simply a class that contains nothing but static members. Like an abstract base class you cannot instantiate a static class, but because the members are static they can be accessed without the need to instantiate an object of the class. Static classes are useful in that they provide global functionality without the need to declare global variables and external functions that operate upon those variables (the variables can effectively be hidden in the class, thus limiting their exposure). They can be likened to a singleton class insofar as there can only ever be one instance of each data member. However, a static class is instantiated at compile time and exists for the entire duration of a program, whereas a singleton can normally be created and destroyed at any time. In terms of memory consumption alone, a singleton is far more efficient than a static class, which is one of the reasons static classes are often frowned upon. Note that static classes have no need for any constructors, operators or destructors (they have no this pointer since there can never be any instances of the class), thus the compiler-generated default constructor, copy constructor, destructor and assignment operator must all be declared private. Some languages may do this automatically but in C++ (which has no concept of static classes) you must explicitly declare them as such.While static classes do have their uses, bear in mind that the point of having a class in the first place is in order to instantiate independent objects from the class. Thus the only time you should ever use a static class is when the class data members must exist for the entire duration of the program and you want to ensure there can only ever be one instance of those members. However, for memory efficiency alone, a singleton class would be the preferred method. Moreover, if some or all of the static methods are closely associated with a generic class, then it makes more sense to encapsulate those methods as static members of that generic class rather than as a completely separate static class.

What is abstract data type in c plus plus?

Abstract data types are the opposite of a concrete data types. An abstract data type is one that does not contain all of the function code necessary to create an instance of the object. This design allows subclasses to implement the abstract functions while inheriting the non-abstract functions of the class. A pointer to an abstract instance can call all the abstract functions of that object, which will defer their execution to the actual concrete data type's implementation of that function. As a simple example, an abstract class ChessPiece might have a function called move(). A Pawn subclass would behave differently than a Queen would, but both could be called by outside code without knowing (or caring) about what type of ChessPiece is moving.CorrectionAbstract classes can provide a full and complete (if generic) implementation for all of their pure-virtual functions. It is not the lack of a complete implementation that renders them abstract, but the fact the methods were declared pure-virtual and therefore cannot be inherited. However, derived classes can still call those implementations from within their own implementations.Furthermore, derived classes that do not provide implementations for all the pure-virtual methods become abstract base classes themselves. But the pure-virtual methods that they do implement can then be inherited through multi-level inheritance.Non-inheritance of pure-virtual methods only applies to the class that initially declared the method as pure-virtual. Provided an implementation is declared protected or public within a derived class, that implementation can then be inherited by a concrete class, or it can be overridden if required.

What is Abstraction in C?

C is not an object-oriented programming language and therefore has no concept of abstract classes. In C++, however, an abstract class is a base class that declares one or more pure-virtual functions. An abstract base class is also known as an abstract data type (ADT). Pure-virtual functions differ from virtual functions in that virtual functions are expected to be overridden (but needn't be) while a pure-virtual function must be overridden (but needn't be implemented by the ADT). Once overridden by a derived class, the function reverts to being a virtual function with respect to further derivatives. However, only classes that provide or inherit a complete implementation of the pure-virtual interface can be instantiated in their own right; those that do not are themselves abstract data types.

What do ADT's products do to provide security and fire protection?

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How you describe operations of stack ADT using c template functions?

Which companies sell outdoor surveillance cameras?

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What are the difference between priority queue and queue?

Why class is called abstract data type?

What are the applications of An Abstract Class in c plus plus?

What must a programmer know about an adt abstract data type to use it what values it can hold which operations it can perform how these operations are implemented?

What is abstract data type for C Plus Plus examples?

What is the difference between abstract class and static class?

What is abstract data type in c plus plus?

What is Abstraction in C?

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