Our laws call upon us to act with decorum and reverence.
Any time
Go to synagogue
It depends on how religious the particular Israeli Jew is. Most Israeli Jews are Secular Jews and therefore rarely go to synagogue more than a few times a year if that. However, a quarter of Israeli Jews are Orthodox and go to synagogue every morning and often throughout the day.
To worship the Jews go to the synagogue.
They pray in the synagogue (a.k.a. Shul).
Jews go to a synagogue. But they can also pray anywhere.
Muslims go for worship (praying) to mosque or any clean place. Jews go to synagogue.
How much a Jew worships in a synagogue varies greatly, and is not dictated by religion. Traditional Jews pray 3 times a day, but not necessarily in a synagogue. Jews go to a synagogue to assemble with other Jews and to preserve the Jewish community, in addition to prayer and study.
As is the case with Christians and church, some Jews do go to synagogue and some don't - and of those that do, regularity of attendance varies greatly between individuals (some go three times every day, some once a week, some only for festivals and some only for Yom Kippur, when many Jews who don't go at any other time of the year attend).
Most Jews go to a synagogue. But actually you can worship any place you'd like. There's no rule for that.
Jews don't have churches - they have synagogues, and yes, they go to synagogue during Yom Kippur.
Jewish men, woman, and children all go to synagogue.