Answer 1
Judaism is the oldest monotheistic religion and Jerusalem has been its only holy site for 3000 years, ever since King Solomon built the original Jewish Temple there. All Jews who value their heritage feel ties to the holy land, where so many of their people struggled for the freedom to practice Judaism. At the same time, Jews believe that all people, Muslims, Jews, Christians, and everyone else should be welcome there, regardless of faith.
Answer 2
If we are talking about the political sharing of Jerusalem (as opposed to open access which is discussed above) the issue becomes very contentious in Jewish circles and there are about as many opinions as there are Jews. Some believe that Israel has no business exerting political control over the Old City and East Jerusalem, but this is a minority position. The main two positions are maintaining the current Law of Jerusalem which would keep Jerusalem an undivided city under Israeli control or a division of Jerusalem into West and East with some multinational or Israeli-led control of the Old City. In the Tabaa Summit, Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Barak was willing to offer the Palestinian government complete control of the Old City provided Jewish freedom of access. This was an unpopular opinion in Israel and his party lost the subsequent elections. (The Palestinians rejected the plan on other grounds.)
See the Related Link which shows the Geneva Initiative's discussion on a political division of Jerusalem.
Jerusalem is where God lived. I have no idea if in the Valley of Kings but I think so because Jesus was a king, king of the jews.
He expelled the Jews from Jerusalem, 1877 years ago.
There is no rule about going to Jerusalem. Jews may visit whenever they want, for different reasons.
Jerusalem.
Jews face in the direction of Jerusalem when they worship.
After the Romans banished the Jews from Jerusalem, the Romans renamed the city Palestine.
Jerusalem is the Holy City for Christians, Jews, and Muslims.
Jerusalem
Jerusalem.
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Typically, they are called Diaspora Jews or Jews of the Diaspora.
The Romans destroyed Jerusalem because the Jews of Judea rebelled against their Roman masters.