The Jewish people call it as a shofar.
It depends on what language they speak. There is no difference in what Jewish people call their parents and what non-Jewish people call their parents.
The Jewish people used to be called Israel, until the political state was established. You can call them the chosen people, or simply 'Jews', in the same way that you would call Mormons 'Mormons'.
Jewish people call Thanksgiving Thanksgiving. it's not a religious hoilday it's an American holiday.
Jewish people call it the exile from their homeland or in Hebrew Galut (גלות).
The Jewish people call the hours between sundown and sunrise "nighttime" or "night." In Hebrew, it is referred to as "laylah."
That horn is called a Shofar (שופר)
It depends on what language they speak. American and British Jews call it "school."
A shofar. See Leviticus ch.25.
Jewish people would call it apostasy.
Jewish; or religious Jews.
A homonym for "chants" is "chants." Homonyms are words that sound the same but have different meanings.