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Koalas are specialist feeders, living almost exclusively on a diet of eucalyptus leaves. While there are hundreds of different eucalyptus species in Australia, koalas eat from only about 60 of the species, consuming about half a kilogram of eucalyptus leaves every day. Koalas will not eat all types of eucalyptus, feeding on just 14 species as their primary food source, specifically, the subgenus Symphyomyrphus. Preferred eucalyptus species vary depending on their locality, so that the species eaten by Victoria koalas will be different to those eaten by north Queensland koalas. Koalas have been known to also eat the buds, flowers and bark of these particular species, while dirt also seems to supplement mineral deficiencies.

Koalas feed by climbing certain species of eucalyptus trees which are their favoured types. They reach out to grab leaves (and occasionally, eucalyptus blossoms) with their paws, which have opposable thumbs and enable them to grip their food. Koalas nip the leaves from the tree with their sharp front incisors, then chew the leaves up with their broad, sharp molars at the back.

Eucalyptus leaves are tough, toxic and low in nutrition, and most animals cannot eat them. The koala has a uniquely adapted digestive system which is capable of detoxifying the leaves, filtering them out by the liver. The caecum completes the process by changing the eucalyptus leaves into digestible nutrients. The caecum is similar to the human appendix, but much longer - around 2 metres in length. The bacteria in the caecum is what breaks down the fibre into a substance which is more readily absorbed by the koala.

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11y ago

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