What do molecules do when heat is transferred by conduction?

Answer 1

When heat is transferred by conduction, molecules in a substance or material interact in a specific way to transfer thermal energy from a region of higher temperature to a region of lower temperature. Here's what happens at the molecular level during heat conduction:

1. **Vibration and Kinetic Energy:** In a substance, molecules are constantly in motion due to their thermal energy, which is often referred to as kinetic energy. They vibrate, rotate, and move randomly.

2. **Hotter to Cooler:** When two regions of the substance are at different temperatures, such as a hotter region in contact with a cooler region, the molecules in the hotter region have higher kinetic energy compared to those in the cooler region.

3. **Collision and Energy Transfer:** Molecules with higher kinetic energy in the hotter region collide with neighboring molecules. During these collisions, they transfer some of their kinetic energy to the cooler, less energetic molecules. This transfer of energy occurs through direct interactions between neighboring molecules.

4. **Equilibrium:** Over time, as more collisions and interactions take place, the kinetic energy is transferred from the hotter region to the cooler region. This continues until thermal equilibrium is reached, where the temperatures of both regions become equal, and there is no net heat flow between them.

Conduction is most effective in materials that are good conductors, such as metals, as they have highly mobile electrons that can facilitate the transfer of kinetic energy. Insulators, on the other hand, do not conduct heat as effectively because their molecules are less mobile and have fewer free electrons.

In summary, during heat conduction, the molecules in a substance transfer kinetic energy from faster-moving, hotter molecules to slower-moving, cooler molecules through direct collisions, leading to a flow of thermal energy from the hot region to the cold region until thermal equilibrium is reached.

Answer 2

copnvection is the formation of a circular or rotary currant in a fluid, not necessarily a liquid. (the mantle convects, but it is not, contrary to popular beleif, liquid)

there are a few components in a convecting system. i will use a boiling pot of rice as an example of thermal convection.

Heat source: At the base of the pot is a heat source. Heat is transfered to the fluid (water) here. The increase in temperature of the water at this point means that the molecules gain more kinetic energy (movement energy). Faster moving molecules push against each other more than coole ones, and this results in hotter (faster moving molecules) fluids expanding. imagine a sealed empty bottle. if you heat it, the bottle will expand because the air molecules have more kinetic energy, and the bottle will bloat.

Hot fluid ploom: the heated fluid, in this case water, has expanded. The mass of the fluid has not changed, so with expansion, the fluid becomes less dense. the hotter fluid is therefore less dense than the cooler fluid surrounding it. like hot wax in a lava lamp, the hotter fluid begins to rise to the top. this can be seen in a pot of boiling rise as the rise grains moving from the bottom of the pot to the top. the rising fluid forms a plume, a continuous stream of heated fluid rising to the surface.

Cooling: When the fluid is no longer adjacent to the heat source, the molecules begin to lose their kinetic energy and cool. Because the moleciules are looseing their kinetic energy, ie cooling, they no longer push as hard against each other. This means that the fluid becomes more dense. When they are cooler than the surrounding fluid, they sink.

Subduction: The cooled fluid with slower moving molecules which are now more dense, sinks back down toward the heat source. This is known as subduction. the subducting fluid moves in to fill the space left by the rising plume of hot fluid, and this represents a convective circuit.

All of these elements to convection work simultaneously. That is, as some of the fluid rises, some of the other fluid must sink to take its place. It is impossable to imagine, for example, a pot of rise where all of the fluid in the pot is rising all at once!

Answer 3

Im not entirely sure on this one but i think molecules speed up when heat is applied

Answer 4

Heat is related to the movement of the molecules. If they move faster, the substance is hotter.

Answer 5

when molecules conduct electricity they lose electrons as the energy supplied is transmitted in the form of electrons...

Answer 6

IDK ha ha ha ha ha

Answer 7

Heat energy is transferred by conduction whenever molecules collide.