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Organisms that are without the presence of oxygen revert to fermentation. It is important to note, however, that organisms that rely heavily on respiration (and therefore oxygen) cannot survive for long periods of time with just fermentation. In an attempt to create as much ATP as possible (only 2 ATP created in fermentation with anywhere from 30-36 created during respiration) an excess of lactic acid will build up.

Organisms that are experiencing a lack of sunlight, or are at risk of dehydration if their pores are opened (plants in hot/dry climates), use alternate methods of photosynthesis in order to take in CO2 without also losing all of their water stores (known as C3 and C4 plants because of the number of carbons linked together during the Calvin cycle).

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Q: What do organisms revert to with no oxygen and no sunlight?
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