protozoans
Fungus-like protists
Protists which break down organic material are known as fungus-like protists. A few examples of this type of protist are water molds and slime molds.
When living material undergoes decomposition, organic matter forms as the organic compounds within the material break down into simpler molecules. This process is driven by the activity of decomposers such as bacteria, fungi, and other organisms that break down complex organic compounds into humus, which is a key component of organic matter in soil.
Fungi are the group of organisms that are all absorptive in their nutrition. They break down organic matter externally and absorb the nutrients. This is in contrast to plants that perform photosynthesis and animals that ingest food.
Fungal-like protists, such as slime molds, function similarly to fungi in that they secrete digestive enzymes to break down organic matter in their surroundings. Once the enzymes break down the food, the protists absorb the nutrients through their cell membranes for energy and growth. This process is essential for their survival and reproduction.
Refractory organic matter is organic material that is resistant to decomposition by microbial or chemical processes. This can include substances like lignin or complex organic compounds that are difficult for microorganisms to break down. Refractory organic matter can accumulate in soils over time and play a role in soil carbon storage.
Scavengers are organisms that feed on dead or decaying organic matter. They play an important role in ecosystems by helping to recycle nutrients and break down organic material. Examples of scavengers include vultures, crows, and hyenas.
The majority of mineral nutrients and organic material is found in the topsoil layer of soil. Topsoil is typically rich in nutrients and organic matter due to the presence of decomposing plant and animal material, as well as microbial activity that helps break down organic matter into nutrients.
They break down a lot of fresh organic material into compost, or rich soil.
Fungi
A stonefly larva is a consumer, specifically a herbivore or detritivore, as it feeds on organic matter such as decaying leaves and algae in freshwater environments. They play an important role in the aquatic ecosystem by helping to break down organic material and serve as a food source for various predators. Unlike decomposers, which break down dead organic matter at a microscopic level, stonefly larvae consume larger pieces of organic material.
At least 5 to 6 months.