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The correct term for a current officeholder who is running for re-election is "incumbent."
A term limit is a legal restriction that limits the number of terms an officeholder may serve in a particular elected office.
special election.
A compound word for office is officeholder.
The incumbent is the current holder of a political office. This term is usually used in reference to elections, in which races can often be defined as being between an incumbent and non-incumbent
There was no US presidential election in 1801. The election was in 1800 and Jefferson was elected and took office in 1801.
The person who is in office and seeking re-election is the incumbant electee. If he is likely to get re-elected, he is called a shoo-in.
They are "elected".
January 20th (After Election)
The date is January 20 in the year after the November election.
special election.
During the period between when an elected official is voted out of office and the end of his/her term, the official is referred to as a lame duck.