The English word for a cattle shelter depends on what type of English you are referring to: British or American/Canadian. The possibilities are listed as follows:
A shelter for cows is called a barn, shed, or byre.
A bawn is a cattle-fort - a building used to shelter cattle, or a defensive wall around a tower house.
Shelter provided for cattle in the form of a barn or shed. It can also refer to the large barns that are built to house cattle for extended periods of time.
Cattle Low or Moo
cattle muster
Cattle, or cattlebeasts, or bovines.
A barth is a dialect term used in Britain for a place of shelter for cattle.
A painted cattle guard.
Tex Owens wrote the song Cattle Call.
National Lampoon Presents Cattle Call was created in 2006.
Offspring of cattle are calves (singular: calf).
A pigsty is what you call a pig's shelter!call me at 386 456 7890 for more answers :)
On a ranch per say there is really no particular shelter were cattle need to be fed. Cattle can be fed out in the open in the corrals or pastures. I think you are thinking of those black-and-white dairy cows that are commonly fed in barns.