The term is "absolute magnitude".
Brightness of stars (apparent and absolute magnitude) is measured by convention, taking an another star as a standard.
No. Stars vary greatly in size and brightness.
A star's brightness is known as its magnitude. Stars with lower magnitude numbers are brighter than stars with a higher magnitude number.
relative "brightness" is based on distance, size, and temperature
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Supernova
Brightness of stars (apparent and absolute magnitude) is measured by convention, taking an another star as a standard.
No. Stars vary greatly in size and brightness.
Two stars revolving around one another (around their center of mass, to be precise) are called a "binary star". There is no special name for the case that the brightness is unequal; this is actually the usual case.
A star's brightness is known as its magnitude. Stars with lower magnitude numbers are brighter than stars with a higher magnitude number.
Double stars, or a Super Nova, or a comet that is close to Earth the Moon and of course Venus. The morning, evening "Star". Actually you have to distinguish between apparent brightness (as seen from Earth) and absolute brightness (as seen from a standard distance). In apparent brightness, Venus, Jupiter and Mars are brighter than any star - but their real brightness is much less. In absolute terms, some things that are brighter than single stars are groups of stars (double stars, star clusters, galaxies, galaxy clusters), exploding stars (novae, supernovae, hypernovae); and quasars.
relative "brightness" is based on distance, size, and temperature
no
Magnitude.
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The brightness is very similar to the temperature, the brightness relies on the temperature
Size and temperature determine the brightness of stars.