You could attend a teaching at a local Buddhist center, get a book about Buddhism or talk to some Buddhist friends about the Dharma (the path). If you decide to dedicate yourself more formally to a Dharma practice, you can take refuge in the Buddha, the Dharma and the Sangha (the community) before a Lama. After that there are many steps you can take, including taking vows.
Gautam Buddha was the founder of Buddhism.
Mecca is important in Islam, it has no signifiance in Buddhism
Asoka made Buddhism a part of the law.
Prayer was not a part of early Buddhism. In some cultures, Buddhism is combined with other religions in which prayer plays a part, but it is not Buddhist prayer.
Buddhism rejected the caste systm found in Hinduism.
The Nichiren Shu are considered a part of traditional Buddhism. There is no concept of post-Buddhism religions as there is a concept of post-Islamic religions.
No. It is part of Buddhism. Judaism does not seek "spiritual enlightenment".
No, Sikhism is part of Dharmic religions along with Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism.
Buddhism was originated in India. It is a south Asian country
Buddhism began in Northern India / Nepal in approximately 528 BCE.
Southeast Asia
I don't now