Hot spot: where there is no heat transfer take place, so temperature of that spot or place is increased and it is greater that that of bulk temperature of system.
In tubular reactor mixing is many times poor. because of boundary layer. the liq at tube wall has lowest energy, so heat transfer is bad at that spot.
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The first line of shielding is to limit the neutron bombardment of the pressure vessel, to give it a safe life of 40 or more years. Then you need to protect personnel who have to go into areas close to the reactor for maintenance, and also to limit the exposure of equipment which may need maintanance done during the life of the plant
# solid,liquid and gas
Yes, the pressurised water reactor (PWR)
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Examples can be really helpful to understand certain cases of circumstances.
If you mean a nuclear reactor, and not a chemical one, there is only one way, and that is by nuclear fission in the fuel
I really do not understand the question. Can you give me an example? Thanks, Doris
One example could be - The drunk was too incoherent to understand. Another might be - Jack couldn't hear his wife's incoherent nagging from downstairs.
The word perusal is a noun, a word for theaction of reading or examining something. Example sentence: A perusal of the material submitted made it clear the class did understand the subject.
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Opportunity cost is what you give up in order to get something else. Paying money is the opportunity cost for ice cream for example.
You can work out the gas flow from the gas circulator characteristics, and measure the reactor inlet and outlet temperatures, so you can work out the reactor thermal output. Then you can measure the thermal conditions in the steam circuit from feed flow and temperature and steam temperature and pressure, this will give the reactor thermal output together with the gas circulator heat input. From all this data work out the best estimate for the reactor output. The generator output is straightforward, then you have to subtract the power being used on the plant for driving the gas circulators and feed pumps etc, to get the net electrical output, then it is just the ratio of that to the reactor thermal output.
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