It is a three-way case statement. ( Arithmetic IF statement)
IF(exp) n1,n2,n3
meaning
go to n1 if expr < 0 ( value is negative)
go to n2 if expr = 0 ( value is zero)
go to n3 if expr > 0 ( value is positive)
IF(expr1-expr2) n1,n2,n3
meaning
go to n1 if expr < expr2
go to n2 if expr = expr2
go to n3 if expr > expr2
reference:
Fortran 77 with 90
Applications for scientific and engineers
second edition
RAMA N. REDDY
CAROLA A. ZEIGLER
1. false 2. true 3. false 4. true, but that statement can be a compound statement, ie a statement-block between {} 5. false
The use of GOTOs in programming is generally considered to be bad form, because it very rapidly leads to "spaghetti code" where it is difficult or impossible to follow the program's logic flow. However, given Fortran's comparatively weak set of flow controls, there are times when a GOTO is unavoidable or actually clearer than using a more-structured layout. A simple example would be a subroutine that checks its arguments for validity and exits immediately if it finds something incompatible. The alternatives would be (A) Put a GOTO 99999 after each invalid condition is detected, where 99999 is the program's RETURN statement (B) Set flags after each condition, falling through and checking more and more flags until you "naturally" reach the module's RETURN. An example of (A) would be (using slight variations on Fortran 90 syntax) subroutine foo(x,y) implicit none real*4 x, y ! Check for negative arguments if (x < 0.0) then print *, 'Argument X is negative' goto 99999 endif if (y < 0.0) then print *, 'Argument Y is negative' goto 99999 endif ! (Code body goes here ....) 99999 continue return end
Easy: if-else is not a loop; while, for and do-while are loops.if-else just run once, but do-while run many times.
A loop in computer languages is a set of statements that execute repeatedly, based on some criteria.In C and C++, the three looping statements are while, do, and for...while (test-expression) statement;/* statement executes zero or more times, until test-expression is false, test first */do statement while (test-expression);/* statement executes one or more times, until test-expression is false, test last */for (init-expression, test-expression, loop-expression) statement;/* init-expression executed once, at beginning *//* statement executes zero or more times, until test-expression is false, test first *//* loop-expression evaluated at end of each iteration */Often, statement, is a set of statements, such as...while (test-expression) {... statements}
Sorry, I'm not doing your homework for you.I suggest you flowchart the problem, execute it yourself by hand on the flowchart a few times to make sure it works, then convert the flowchart to code in whatever language the teacher told you to use.That's what I did back in 1973 with my program to play tic-tac-toe, that I had to punch on cards using the FORTRAN II programming language when I first started on computers. Hand execution of a program though tedious and boring is a very effective means to find bugs and gain insight to the way computers operate.
Yes, a comma should be used after "which" when it introduces a nonrestrictive clause in a sentence.
Do not put a space before a comma. Put one space afterthe comma.
You mean this: const double PI = 4*atan(1); Well, it should be either const double PI = 3.14159265358979323846264338327950288 or double PI = 4*atan(1); /* without const */
No, a comma does not always follow a name. A comma is typically used before a name in a sentence when addressing someone directly, but it is not always necessary in all contexts.
A comma after "LLC" is not grammatically necessary (Authority: The New York Times Manual of Style and Usage by Allan M. Siegal and William G. Connolly, Times books: New York. 1999.
Once. The only time to use more than one space is after a period.
A comma should be used before the word "but" when it is connecting two independent clauses in a sentence. If "but" is joining two words or phrases within a single clause, then a comma is not necessary.
V = 200{3*5^(t/9)} = 600*5^(t/9) So starting value = 600 growth factor = 1.1958 (approx) growth rate = 19.58 %
An iterative statement is a looping statement, such as a 'for', 'while', or 'do-while' statement. They cause statements to be repeated (iterated) multiple times.
In modern writing style, it is common to use only one space after a comma when it is used as a punctuation mark. The double-spacing after a comma is a convention that dates back to the typewriter era, but it is no longer necessary with the use of modern word processing software and typesetting tools.
financial times
The comma goes before the closing quotation mark when it's part of the title of an article within a sentence, as in "The New York Times," reported on the topic.