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What does a piston do?

Updated: 12/16/2022
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13y ago

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In general, a piston helps change fluid pressure to mechanical energy or vice versa. It provides a moving "stopper" within a cylinder to permit the compression of the fluid without leaks. The piston in an air compressor (for those kinds that have them) takes the mechanical energy applied to the crank shaft and uses it to compress the fluid (air) that it was designed to compress. Just the opposite is true for the piston in an internal combustion engine. The heated gases (fluids) in the compustion chamber force the piston down on the power stroke and transfer mechanical energy through the connecting rod into the crankshaft. Certainly more examples could be found using a variety of fluids.

Pistons, or rams, in hydraulic equipment take "fluid power" and use it to move, lift, crush or otherwise get tough with stuff on the business end of the ram. Compressed air (a fluid) is used to compress a piston to compress a hydraulic fluid to force a ram (long piston) up to lift the end of vehicle up into the air for a brake job or other undercarriage inspection or repair. This is a common air over hydraulic system on a large, mobile jack. There are more examples, but we'll put the (hydraulic) brakes on here and refer you to a link below that you can use for more information.

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Q: What does a piston do?
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