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What does a supercharger do?

Updated: 10/22/2022
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11y ago

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Simplified they are air pumps driven by a belt connected to the engine crank, that force air in to the engine.

There are 3 different types of superchargers(belt driven)

The original was the roots, it has to 2 rotors that push air into a special manifold. The supercharger pushes more air into the engien than the engine can consume, which increases the pressure. They are the lowest costing, bulkiest/heaviest, least effiecent, has instant boost and looks cool.

Twin-Screw supercharger. Looks like a Roots but works alittle different. It does produces boost by packing the intake manifold with excessive amount of air(producing boost), but it also has an internal compression. It does this by having its roots twisted( like screws) which internally compress the air into a tighter twist. It is more effiecient, can produce more power, more boost and is smaller than the roots. Still has instant boost but is usually the most expensive(2-3x more$ than roots).

Third type is the centrifugal (vortech, paxton, procharger), it is basicly a belt driven compressor side of a turbo. It internally compresses the air. Has gears and pulley ratios to get the compressor's rpm in the 20,000-60,000rpm range(depending on size). It is more effecient than either of the other 2. It is smaller in size and since it is not mounted on top of the motor, it is easy to intercool(to make even more power/effiecent). Down side is the boost is not instant, it is linear. Example: 7psi kit, 7psi at 6000rpms, down at 3000 rpms only have 2-3psi, 0 at 1000rpms, others would have 7psi.

Turbocharger,is not belt driven, is an exhaust driven version of the centrifugal supercharger, only get boost when underload so it is the most fuel effiecent. Down side is that the turbo needs to spool up first to make boost. Always a delay from flooring it until you get boost, can be .2 of a sec. (small turbos set up) - 2 sec. large setup. Do get more mid rpm boost than centrifugal superchargers, but more $$, need exhaust manifolds, waste gates to control boost level.

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