An aperture is an opening in the centre of your lens through which light passes. The amount of light, which passes through an aperture, is indicated by f/stops or f/numbers. The lower the f/stop the more light that passes through the aperture. Opening up one full f/stop doubles the amount of light entering the camera. F/4 admits twice the light of f5.6.
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Aperture priority lets you set the aperture you want and the camera sets the shutter speed for you. You use it when you want to control depth of field. Shutter priority lets you set the shutter speed you want and the camera sets the aperture for you. You use it when you want to control how motion is rendered in the photograph. Program mode sets both shutter speed and aperture for you. Use it when you are not concerned with aperture or shutter speed control.
Time and Aperture
No, the aperture controls adjust the size of the opening that light enters the camera through (see image above, left maximum aperture setting, right minimum aperture setting).
Only if you are using a pinhole camera.If you reduce the aperture you will increase the depth of focus, but you can't decrease the aperture to a pinhole on most cameras.
The smaller the aperture, the sharper the image. If your question is WHY that happens, hopefully another contributor will help out with that answer.
light
A camera - "webcam" - is an example of a device that captures an image by gathering light through its aperture.
The amount of time that the shutter remains open - allowing light to pass through it to form the image. Generally - a lower shutter speed would be combined with a smaller aperture and a higher shutter speed with a larger aperture to correctly expose the image.
It depends on the lens on your camera; the smallest aperture that won't cause diffraction is the best one to use. So...you're going to have to experiment.
The Shutter and the Aperture are the two controls the Shutter is used to control how long the Film is exposed for and Aperture is used to control how much light is let in
Possible over and or under-exposure. But basically, in English, it effects the brightness/exposure of your image.
Aperture is the opening in the lens of the camera. A small opening like F:16 requires more time to form an image than an opening like F:1.4 that requires less time.