Discrimination
To be equitable means to be fair and just in your actions, decisions and treatment of others.
Denying fair treatment to an individual simply means that a person is not being given the treatment that they are entitled to. A popular example is discrimination, however there are also things such as biased decisions and cheating people that fit the bill for this phrase.
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race, ethnicity, age, sex, or religious conviction
Equlity is the only one i can think of.
Fair test means, that in a experiment/project everything is perfect and fair.
Free the Jews
i don't knew
From a probability perspective fair means equal probability.
By Fair Means or Foul happened in 1988.
By Fair Means or Foul was created in 1988.