Linguists study linguistics, which is the science of language. Some linguists study child language acquisition, while others study the effects of a language on culture. There are many different fields within linguistics.
Semantics is the study of the meaning of words, so a semanticist a person who is a specialist in the study of linguistic meaning.
Etymology is the study of the historical evolution, from origin to current use, of linguistic forms (words).
You can have physiology, the study of the structures of the body, or psychology, the study of the mind, but you do not have physiocology, that is just a linguistic mash-up.
Anthropology is the study of humans from a cultural, physical, linguistic, and archaeological standpoint.
Linguistic anthropology would study the development of the language of Cherokee, focusing on how language is used in social and cultural contexts, its evolution over time, and its impact on society.
Linguistic typology studies and classifies languages based on their structural features. Linguistic typology is a subfield of linguistics, which is the scientific study of language.
William Labov is a sociolinguist known for his research on language variation and change in urban settings. He developed the concept of the "linguistic variable" to study how individuals use different linguistic forms based on social factors. Labov's most famous study, the New York City Department Store study, demonstrated how linguistic change occurs in response to social factors such as class and ethnicity.
sociolinguistics
The study of semantics falls under the subfield of linguistic anthropology, which focuses on the study of language and its role in culture and society.
The opposite of linguistics is typically considered to be non-linguistic disciplines or fields that do not study language, such as mathematics or physics.
The study of how languages are related to each other or change over an extended period of time.
Anthropology encompasses four main areas: cultural anthropology (study of human societies and cultures), archaeology (study of past human societies through material remains), biological anthropology (study of human evolution and biological diversity), and linguistic anthropology (study of language and communication in human societies).