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1.cumulative preference share capital 2.non cumulative preference share capital 3.participative preference share capital 4.non participative preference share capital
1.cumulative preference share capital 2.non cumulative preference share capital 3.participative preference share capital 4.non participative preference share capital
5 disadvantages of participative budgets
Itis a system where the citizenry and the police work together to reduce crime.
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Jean-Louis Langevin has written: 'La direction participative par objectifs' 'La direction participative par objectifs' 'La direction participative par objectifs' -- subject(s): Management by objectives
The answer depends on how is participative management defined, I assume you mean the style where decision-making is more inclusive and leaders/managers incorporate employees' thoughts, ideas and contributions into overall decision. Here are some disadvantages to keep in mind: 1. Decision-making process can be very slow. This of course depends on what form of participative management is being practiced; if everything requires consensus or majority, speed of decision can be huge problem, and sometimes decisions will not be made at all. 2. It is easy for leaders to abdicate their responsibility in this model because participative management can easily degenerate into decision-by-committe. 3. Decisions can be sub-optimal in many cases if the focus is on remaining participative (and inclusive) and not on making right decision. Here is a good link on this: Participative
Likert
Participative
The assumptions that define participative management is involvement of all workers. This means that even employees will give the ideas on how to run a firm.
The trends in participative management allows even the subordinates to contribute to the process of decision making. This has proved to be very efficient but requires some level of control.