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As you know, the earth's crust is made up of plates. When two destructive plate boundaries begin to move away from each other (due to convection currents), magma comes out through the gap left. As it cools, it sets. Then more comes out, and sets. The process continues, producing volcanoes. The mid-atlantic ridge was caused this way.

Earthquakes can occur either when an oceanic and continental crust create friction (the oceanic moves under the continental) and move, or when two conservative plate boundaries slide past each other.

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