1. M-Alkalinity (also known as Total Alkalinity) measures the amount of carbonate, bicarbonate and hydroxide present in terms of "ppm as calcium carbonate". ( M-Alkalinity measurement is based on a sulphuric acid titration using a Methyl orange indicator that goes from yellow at a pH of 4.5 to orange at pH of 4.4 at the endpoint.) 2. P-Alkalinity measures the amount of carbonate and hydroxyl alkalinity present in terms of "ppm as calcium carbonate". P-alkalinity is measured down to a pH of 8.3. The M-alkalinity is measured down to a pH of 4.3.
Measuring m alkalinity helps determine the buffering capacity of water and the ability to resist changes in pH. p alkalinity is used to calculate the amount of acid needed to lower the pH of water. Both measurements are important in understanding and managing water quality in aquatic environments.
1. M-Alkalinity (also known as Total Alkalinity) measures the amount of carbonate, bicarbonate and hydroxide present in terms of "ppm as calcium carbonate". ( M-Alkalinity measurement is based on a sulphuric acid titration using a Methyl orange indicator that goes from yellow at a pH of 4.5 to orange at pH of 4.4 at the endpoint.) 2. P-Alkalinity measures the amount of carbonate and hydroxyl alkalinity present in terms of "ppm as calcium carbonate". P-alkalinity is measured down to a pH of 8.3. The M-alkalinity is measured down to a pH of 4.3.
Water has different alkalinities depending on where it's from and where it is.
There exist three species of alkalinity; bicarbonate, carbonate and hydroxide. The concentration of each species will vary with pH. Total alkalinity is the measurement of all species of alkalinity in the water. The concentration of each of the three species can be determined by titrating a water sample with acid of a known concentration and using chemical indicators, phenolphthalein (P indicator),methyl orange (M indicator), or a pH meter to determine "endpoints". The chemical indicators change color at a certain pH points(the endpoint). The mix of alkaline species change as pH decreases. Hydroxide alkalinity disappears below pH 10.3, carbonate below 8.3 and bicarbonate below 4.3 (or thereabout). The P indicator turns from pink to clear at or below pH 8.3 The M indicator turns from orange to yellow below pH 4.3. The amount of acid required to produce a color change is used to calculate the amount of P and M alkalinity. The P and M results are use to calculate "O" or hydroxide alkalinity. Depending on the ionic constituents of the water, these relationships can change or be interfered with.
9 M of P means 9 months of pregnancy 9 months of pregnancy
two Members of Parliament
Miltary and Police
2 poles of a magnet
Last menstrual period
Military & Police
P. M. Bolger has written: '1976 and 1980 water quality surveys of the Gold Creek, Matawin River system'
The gauge pressure at a depth of 100 m in water can be calculated using the formula P = ρgh, where P is pressure, ρ is density of the fluid, g is the acceleration due to gravity, and h is the depth. Assuming the density of water is 1000 kg/m^3 and taking g as 9.81 m/s^2, the gauge pressure at 100 m depth in water can be found as P = 1000 kg/m^3 * 9.81 m/s^2 * 100 m = 981,000 Pa = 981 kPa.