Taste at least, but baking is basically chemistry, if you don't add in the essential ingredients, or add them in at the wrong time, or using the wrong method, it will have a variety of effects on the composition of the cookie itself. For example, no flour would mean it would just be butter, eggs, and sugar. That would be a disgusting burnt mess in the oven.
It depends what the ingredient is. Something that would mix right into the batter probably won't but it still depends on the ingredient.
It would have to. A cookie or anything made up of different ingredients is meant to taste like something definite. Leave out 1 ingredient and it will be something different.
the ingredient that will most affect the cookie is SUGAR
It normally would only change the texture.
It depends on the missing ingredient. Missing sugar will leave the cookie bland. Missing egg will result in a very crumbly cookie. Missing chocolate chips will result in a sugar cookie. See?
A common nondairy ingredient to use in cookie recipes in place of butter is shortening. It will change the texture of the cookie, usually cookies with shortening will be a little chewier than cookies with butter.
It's very easy. Cookie recipes are everywhere, but to get the tastiest ones, why not ask a friend or a colleague - most people have their own special recipe whether it's adding that extra ingredient or just preparing it in a different way!
you double the ingredients
You can change the texture of your cookies by modifying the ingredients. Adding a liquid like milk or melted butter may not make the cookies more creamy, take a look at other cookie recipes to see what they do differently to your original recipe.
The butter will melt, but having a creamed texture while mixing allows the cookie to have a fluffier texture than if it was made with melted butter. Melted butter would make a very soft, dense cookie.
No. Oatmeal raisin cookies have varieties of texture and density throughout each cookie.
I believe that it depends upon the ingerdient. Something as small as brown sugar won't make much of a difference in size but the taste of the cookie will change. Your best bet is to use a substitute ingredient or go to your neighbors and ask for whatever it is that you are missing.
Inhomogeneous means having a different texture throughout. Homogeneous means the same texture. So, for an easy example, the typical sugar cookie is homogeneous, and the chocolate chip cookie is inhomogeneous.
It changes the taste and texture of the cookie. Without Sugar the cookie is not sweet.