All alkaline earth metals have two valence electrons.
All the elements in group 14 will have two electrons in their outer p orbitals. Group 14 is the vertical column beginning with carbon and ending with flerovium.
Two electrons are in the external shell of vanadium.
Strontium
Helium only needs 2 valence electrons to have a filled outermost energy level.
Technically, electrons do not have to revolve in a circular orbit. Electrons exist in a cloud around the nucleus that can take on many different shapes. The shape of the cloud is represented by the quantum number "L." For example, if an atom has "L" numbers of zero and one, it has two clouds with two different orbitals, the outermost one being a "p" orbital, in which electrons revolve in a figure eight.
An example is magnesium.
You have configuration of the elements. There can be eight electrons in the outermost orbit of the element. The metals have one, two or three electrons in the outermost orbit. So they want to give away those extra electrons. These are free electrons. These free electrons make the metals good conductors of heat and electricity.
Mg -magnesium.
Helium (He)
Under normal conditions of temperature and pressure, oxygen gains electrons. The outermost orbital in an oxygen atom has four electrons., i.e., the outermost orbit has six electrons. Hence, to reach the octet configuration, oxygen can take two more electrons. Thus, oxygen is electronegative.
Atoms do not leave electrons! Electrons leave from the outer orbit of an atom and join the outermost orbit of another atom when there is a chemical reaction involved between the two atoms .
Helium has only 2 electrons and its energy level is full.
A duplet state is when an element has two electrons in it's outermost shell For example-Helium
Two electrons are in the external shell of vanadium.
The number of electrons in the outermost energy shell is usually used in finding the valency of a given element. For instance elements that have two electrons in the outermost energy shell have valency 2.
Strontium
Magnesium is element 12 and belongs to Group 2 of the Periodic Table, are the outermost electrons, magnesium has two valence electrons.
All atoms have electrons that orbit the nucleus, we are concerned with the outermost orbit. The outer orbit shell can have from 1 to 8 electrons. The fewer electrons an atom has in this orbit the better it is at conduction (one or two electrons, it is easy to knock one of the electrons out of orbit and pass to the next atom). The more electrons you have, the better it is at insulating. Nothing is a perfect insulator, if you apply enough voltage the electrons will move (current will flow). This is why the insulation on conductors have a voltage rating.