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  • Diamond is an allotropic form of carbon.
  • Ruby and sapphire are aluminium oxide naturally doped with some metals (as traces).
  • Emerald is Be3Al2(SiO3)6.
  • Chrysoberyl is Be2Al2O4.
  • Opal is hydrated SiO2.
  • Peridot is MgSiO4.
  • Topaz is Al2SiO4(F,OH)2
  • Malachite is Cu2CO3(OH)2.
  • Jades and garnets are complex silicates.
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Q: What elements are in each of these gemstones - diamond ruby emerald sapphire opal peridot garnet topaz jade chrysoberyl malachite?
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