The predominant element in the Sun is hydrogen, and then helium: by mass, it is 70% hydrogen, 28% helium, 1.5% carbon, nitrogen and oxygen, and 0.5% all other elements.
helium and hydrogen
UV from sun could be detected using UV sensors. The technology has been that advanced.
As strange as it may seem, yes water has been detected on the Sun. Actually what was detected is 'steam' over a particularly cool sunspot where the temperatures were only about 1000 K or so.....
Manmade elements. These have traditionally been considered to be: Technetium, Promethium, Neptunium, and all elements beyond Neptunium. However trace levels of several of these have since then been detected naturally.
Scientists know of 91 "natural" elements and several additional elements that have been created in the laboratory. It's likely that many of the "artificial" elements do exist, at least momentarily, in the aftermath of supernova explosions where even exceptionally heavy elements are thought to be created, but with half-lives that cause them to decay to nothingness before they actually get far enough from the star to be detected.
We think all stars have flares, and a few have been detected.
It is theorized that Pluto has a thin temporary atmosphere when it is closest to the Sun, but no wind has ever been detected or observed.
Very low. Such a companion would have been detected by now, even if only through its gravitational effects.
because the sun has some elements & compounds that the earth needs to make elements
Helium (He) by Pierre-Jules-César Janssen when he detected a new line wavelength in the solar spectrum. He named it helium from the Greek word "helios", which means the sun.
A failure has been detected in the safety restraint system.A failure has been detected in the safety restraint system.
The core. It's where all the heavy elements have been created from simpler atoms.