The Sun

Because Earth is turning. It's only ever night time on one side of the Earth, the side not facing the sun.

Mercury's orbit is severely elliptical meaning that the planet's distance to the Sun varies substantially. Closest: Mercury is 46 million kilometers (28.5 million miles or 0.31 AU) from the Sun Farthest: Mercury is 70 million kilometers (43 million miles or 0.46 AU) from the Sun. (this is 50% farther away) Mean: Mercury is 58 million kilometers (36 million miles or 0.39 AU). Mercury's distance from our sun is 36,000,000 miles (57,900,000 kilometers).

Clearly, we (Earth) can't live without the Sun. It gives us energy/ electricity and warmth. Plants need the Sun for photosynthesis, we need it as light during the day. The Sun plays a major role in our lives. The importance of sun in our solar system is that if we don't have the sun then there will be no life on Earth since it is too cold for life to grow, and the Earth will be a frozen chunk of ice.

Most things in THIS solar system that rotate, rotate counter-clockwise. That includes the rotation of the Sun, the rotations of 3/4 of the planets, and the orbital motion of all the planets. Probably, the original planetary nebula that formed our solar system was spinning CCW.

In fact, the Sun accounts for over 99.8% . Most of the rest is contained in Jupiter.

Yes, in Red Dwarf Stars. However, the temperatures required for fusion are still pretty high, millions of degrees Celsius.

This is approximately 138,000,000,000 centimeters. But the most common measurement used for denoting the sun's diameter is Kilometers; about 1,380,000 Kilometers, which is ten times the diameter of the earth.

The average orbital distance of Saturn from the Sun (its semi major axial radius) is 1,433,449,370 km or 890,700,000 miles or 9.58 AU. At Aphelion (Furthest) 1,513,325,783 km (940,337,046 miles) - (10.11 AU) At Perihelion (Closest) 1,353,572,956 km (841,071,241 miles) - (9.04 AU) Light from the Sun takes about 80 minutes to reach Saturn (mean distance is 79.69 light minutes). The distance is 8,933,750,000 miles or 1,429,400,000 kilometres. Saturn's average distance from the Sun (it changes because its orbit is not circular) is 887 million miles (1.43 billion km). Due to its elliptical orbit, its distance varies by about 97 million miles (155 million km). Saturn's distance from sun is: 1,427,000,000 Saturn is 1,433,000,000 kilometers from the Sun, which is the equivalent of 890,700,000 miles. Saturn is considered a gas giant.

That would be called Solar Radiation.

The exact distance between Earth and the Sun varies with its position in its orbit, which is elliptical. The average distance (the mean distance) between the Earth and the Sun is about 150 million kilometers (93 million miles). The average distance from the Earth to the Sun is also called 1 astronomical unit (or AU). This is established as 149, 597, 870.7 kilometers (92,955,887.6 miles). Aphelion (when the Earth is the farthest from the Sun) occurs around the first week of July. The distance is about 152 million km (94.4 million miles). Perihelion (when the Earth is closest to the Sun) occurs in the first week of January. The distance is about 147 million km (91.3 million miles).

bolometer

These are the *average* distances (for Mercury and Pluto, the variation in distance is substantial. Pluto's perihelion is closer than Neptune's aphelion.) Mercury is 57.9 million km (36 million miles) from the Sun (0.38 AU) Venus is 108.2 million km (67.2 million miles) from the Sun (0.72 AU ) Earth is 149.6 million km (93 million miles) from the Sun (1 AU) Mars is 227.9 million km (141.6 million miles) from the Sun (1.52 AU) Jupiter is 778.4 million km (483.6 million miles) from the Sun (5.2 AU) Saturn is 1.4 billion km (870 million miles) from the Sun (9.5 AU) Uranus is 2.87 billion km (1.78 billion miles) from the Sun (19.2 AU) Neptune is 4.5 billion km (2.8 billion miles) from the Sun (30 AU) 3 of the 5 Dwarf Planets Pluto is 5.9 billion km (3.6 billion miles) from the Sun (40 AU) Ceres is 414 million km (257 million miles) from the Sun (2.77 AU) Eris is 10.1 billion km (6.2 billion miles) from the Sun (67.67 AU)

752 The sun has a diameter of 865000 miles or 1.39 million kilometers. Its diameter is 109 times the diameter of earth The formula for volume of a sphere is V=(4/3) πr3 The volume of the sun is therefor 1093 that of Earth or 1.03 x 106 that of Earth It would take approximately 1.3 million earth-sized objects to fit into the volume of the sun. About 1.3 million Earth's can fit in the Sun. The sun has a diameter of 865000 miles or 1.39 million kilometers. Its diameter is 109 times the diameter of earth. The volume of the sun is therefore 1093 (1 295 000) times that of Earth. it takes 100 earths to make the diameter of the sun, and takes 1,000,000 earths to fill the sun.

Mars has an elliptical orbit, so it is sometimes closer to the Sun, and it is sometimes farther away from the sun.The 'mean distance' of an astronomical body is the average of the farthest and nearest points in its orbit from the body it orbits. When at its farthest, Mars is approximately 249,209,300 km / 154.8 million miles or 1.665861 AU* from the Sun. When at its the nearest, it is approximately 206,669,000 km / 128.4 million miles or 1.381497 AU* from the Sun. This makes the mean distance of Mars from the Sun in the course of one complete revolution 227,939,100 km / 141.6 million miles or 1.523679 AU. * 1 AU (Astronomical Unit) is equivalent to the Earth's mean distance from the Sun. 227,936,640 km

While planetary science and biological science are not exact, and by no means perfect, it is factual based on what we know and can prove. That being said, the Earth is approximately 4.6 billion years old. Life on Earth dates back approximately 3.6 billion years to simple cell prokaryotes. Some might use this to poke holes in evolutionary theory, however, even from a fundamental Christian perspective, evolution and creationism are not mutually exclusive, and there is far more concrete evidence that supports evolutinary science than credible refutation.

The Earth's distance from the Sun varies slightly, since Earth's orbit is not a perfect circle. Earth's closest distance (perihelion) occurs in early January each year when it is approximately 91,445,000 miles (147,166,000 km) from the sun. Earth's farthest distance (aphelion) occurs in early July each year when it is approximately 94,555,000 miles (152,171,000 km) from the sun. The distance is one AU (astronomical unit) from the sun. One AU is 93 million miles, which is 8.3 light minutes.

Like a "burning sun?"

The Sun is about halfway through life, during which nuclear fusion reactions in its core fuse hydrogen into helium. Each second, more than 4 million tonnes of matter are converted into energy within the Sun's core, producing neutrinos and solar radiation; at this rate, the Sun will have so far converted around 100 Earth masses of matter into energy. The Sun will spend a total of approximately 10 billion years as a main sequence star. The Sun does not have enough mass to explode as a supernova. Instead, in about 5 billion years, it will enter a red giant phase, its outer layers expanding as the hydrogen fuel in the core is consumed and the core contracts and heats up. Helium fusion will begin when the core temperature reaches around 100 million kelvins and will produce carbon, entering the asymptotic giant branch phase. Earth's fate is precarious. As a red giant, the Sun will have a maximum radius beyond the Earth's current orbit, 250 times the present radius of the Sun. However, by the time, the Sun will have lost roughly 30% of its present mass due to a stellar wind, so the orbits of the planets will move outward. If it were only for this, Earth would probably be spared, but new research suggests that Earth will be swallowed by the Sun owing to tidal interactions. Even if Earth would escape incineration in the Sun, still all its water will be boiled away and most of its atmosphere would escape into space. In fact, even during its current life in the main sequence, the Sun is gradually becoming more luminous (about 10% every 1 billion years), and its surface temperature is slowly rising. The Sun used to be fainter in the past, which is possibly the reason why life on Earth has only existed for about 1 billion years on land. The increase in solar temperatures is such that already in about a billion years, the surface of the Earth will become too hot for liquid water to exist, ending all terrestrial life. Following the red giant phase, intense thermal pulsations will cause the Sun to throw off its outer layers, forming a planetary nebula. The only object that will remain after the outer layers are ejected is the extremely hot stellar core, which will slowly cool and fade as a white dwarf over many billions of years. This stellar evolution scenario is typical of low- to medium-mass stars. See link for a pictorial representation. When a medium-sized star such as our Sun begins to run out of hydrogen to fuel its nuclear fusion furnace, it turns to helium for fuel and swells up to many hundreds of times its normal size, becoming a red giant. As the star grows, the expanding outer layers engulf and destroy the inner planets. The star eventually loses its outer layers completely and forms a planetary nebula, leaving behind an extremely dense core approximately the size of Earth, called a white dwarf.

The Earth moves through its orbital path at approximately 67,000 miles per hour, and there are 24 hours in a day. The math should be simple. The Earth is about 93,000,000 miles out from the sun. It's orbital length is pi X 2 X 93,000,000 or about 584,324,394 miles, which the Earth covers in a year. Earth orbital length by 365.25, and you get: 1,599,793 miles per day, and divide that by 24 and you get about 66,648 miles per hour.

G2V Otherwise known as a yellow dwarf

The surface temperature of the sun is about 5780 K, which is 5500 °C or about 9900 °F. At the core it is much hotter: 15 million °C or 27 million °F. This is where nuclear fusion occurs.

It is because the sun is a gigantic star, and stars are made from fire

No

The answer is 1900 (nineteen hundred)

Our Sun is about 4.57 billion years old. About half way through it's life. The Sun will slowly turn into a red giant in about 4.5 billion year and about two billion years later, it will shed it's outer layers and become a white dwarf. For the Earth, this means that when the Sun turns into a red giant, the Suns envelope will expand until it nearly touches the Earth. For life on Earth, it's not as simple, in about a billion years time, the Sun will have increased it's temperature to such a degree that it will be impossible for life to exist on the surface as it would have become so hot that all water would have boiled away. See related link for more information The information I understand is the Earth is 4.5 billons years of age. From what I understand the formation of a galaxy can take upwards to .7 billion years. If so the completion of the Earth plus the age of the Earth would be 5.2 billion years. A yellow dwarf star should expand into a red dwarf at 6 billion years. As the sun expands into a red dwarf it will easily encompass the Earth along with planets as far away as Mars. This phenomenon could occur as early as 800 million years from now. Although some theories state as the red dwarf expands the Earth may be knocked backward possibly to a safe distance from the sun. The likelihood is if even this should occur, the distance of the Earth from the red dwarf would not be conducive to life on the planet. This is of course if this does even happen as the expectancy is the Earth when encompassed by the sun will melt into nothingness except for perhaps some vapors which seep into the solar system.