Mercury's orbit is severely elliptical meaning that the planet's distance to the Sun varies substantially.

• Closest: Mercury is 46 million kilometers (28.5 million miles or 0.31 AU) from the Sun
• Farthest: Mercury is 70 million kilometers (43 million miles or 0.46 AU) from the Sun. (this is 50% farther away)
• Mean: Mercury is 58 million kilometers (36 million miles or 0.39 AU).

The average orbital distance of Saturn from the Sun (its semi major axial radius) is 1,433,449,370 km or 890,700,000 miles or 9.58 AU.

At Aphelion (Furthest) 1,513,325,783 km (940,337,046 miles) - (10.11 AU)

At Perihelion (Closest) 1,353,572,956 km (841,071,241 miles) - (9.04 AU)

Light from the Sun takes about 80 minutes to reach Saturn (mean distance is 79.69 light minutes). The distance is 8,933,750,000 miles or 1,429,400,000 kilometres. Saturn's average distance from the Sun (it changes because its orbit is not circular) is 887 million miles (1.43 billion km). Due to its elliptical orbit, its distance varies by about 97 million miles (155 million km). Saturn's distance from sun is: 1,427,000,000
Saturn is 1,433,000,000 kilometers from the Sun, which is the equivalent of 890,700,000 miles. Saturn is considered a gas giant.

The exact distance between Earth and the Sun varies with its position in its orbit, which is elliptical. The average distance (the mean distance) between the Earth and the Sun is about 150 million kilometers (93 million miles).

The average distance from the Earth to the Sun is also called 1 astronomical unit (or AU). This is established as 149, 597, 870.7 kilometers (92,955,887.6 miles).

• Aphelion (when the Earth is the farthest from the Sun) occurs around the first week of July. The distance is about 152 million km (94.4 million miles).
• Perihelion (when the Earth is closest to the Sun) occurs in the first week of January. The distance is about 147 million km (91.3 million miles).

These are the *average* distances (for Mercury and Pluto, the variation in distance is substantial. Pluto's perihelion is closer than Neptune's aphelion.)

• Mercury is 57.9 million km (36 million miles) from the Sun (0.38 AU)
• Venus is 108.2 million km (67.2 million miles) from the Sun (0.72 AU )
• Earth is 149.6 million km (93 million miles) from the Sun (1 AU)
• Mars is 227.9 million km (141.6 million miles) from the Sun (1.52 AU)
• Jupiter is 778.4 million km (483.6 million miles) from the Sun (5.2 AU)
• Saturn is 1.4 billion km (870 million miles) from the Sun (9.5 AU)
• Uranus is 2.87 billion km (1.78 billion miles) from the Sun (19.2 AU)
• Neptune is 4.5 billion km (2.8 billion miles) from the Sun (30 AU)

3 of the 5 Dwarf Planets

• Pluto is 5.9 billion km (3.6 billion miles) from the Sun (40 AU)
• Ceres is 414 million km (257 million miles) from the Sun (2.77 AU)
• Eris is 10.1 billion km (6.2 billion miles) from the Sun (67.67 AU)

752
The sun has a diameter of 865000 miles or 1.39 million kilometers. Its diameter is 109 times the diameter of earth

The formula for volume of a sphere is V=(4/3) πr3

The volume of the sun is therefor 1093 that of Earth or 1.03 x 106 that of Earth
It would take approximately 1.3 million earth-sized objects to fit into the volume of the sun.

About 1.3 million Earth's can fit in the Sun.

it takes 100 earths to make the diameter of the sun, and takes 1,000,000 earths to fill the sun.

The Earth's distance from the Sun varies slightly, since Earth's orbit is not a perfect circle.

Earth's closest distance (perihelion) occurs in early January each year when it is approximately 91,445,000 miles (147,166,000 km) from the sun.

Earth's farthest distance (aphelion) occurs in early July each year when it is approximately 94,555,000 miles (152,171,000 km) from the sun.

The distance is one AU (astronomical unit) from the sun. One AU is 93 million miles, which is 8.3 light minutes.

The Sun is about halfway through life, during which nuclear fusion reactions in its core fuse hydrogen into helium. Each second, more than 4 million tonnes of matter are converted into energy within the Sun's core, producing neutrinos and solar radiation; at this rate, the Sun will have so far converted around 100 Earth masses of matter into energy.

The Sun will spend a total of approximately 10 billion years as a main sequence star. The Sun does not have enough mass to explode as a supernova. Instead, in about 5 billion years, it will enter a red giant phase, its outer layers expanding as the hydrogen fuel in the core is consumed and the core contracts and heats up.

Helium fusion will begin when the core temperature reaches around 100 million kelvins and will produce carbon, entering the asymptotic giant branch phase.

Earth's fate is precarious. As a red giant, the Sun will have a maximum radius beyond the Earth's current orbit, 250 times the present radius of the Sun. However, by the time, the Sun will have lost roughly 30% of its present mass due to a stellar wind, so the orbits of the planets will move outward. If it were only for this, Earth would probably be spared, but new research suggests that Earth will be swallowed by the Sun owing to tidal interactions.

Even if Earth would escape incineration in the Sun, still all its water will be boiled away and most of its atmosphere would escape into space. In fact, even during its current life in the main sequence, the Sun is gradually becoming more luminous (about 10% every 1 billion years), and its surface temperature is slowly rising. The Sun used to be fainter in the past, which is possibly the reason why life on Earth has only existed for about 1 billion years on land. The increase in solar temperatures is such that already in about a billion years, the surface of the Earth will become too hot for liquid water to exist, ending all terrestrial life.

Following the red giant phase, intense thermal pulsations will cause the Sun to throw off its outer layers, forming a planetary nebula. The only object that will remain after the outer layers are ejected is the extremely hot stellar core, which will slowly cool and fade as a white dwarf over many billions of years. This stellar evolution scenario is typical of low- to medium-mass stars.

See link for a pictorial representation.
When a medium-sized star such as our Sun begins to run out of hydrogen to fuel its nuclear fusion furnace, it turns to helium for fuel and swells up to many hundreds of times its normal size, becoming a red giant.

As the star grows, the expanding outer layers engulf and destroy the inner planets. The star eventually loses its outer layers completely and forms a planetary nebula, leaving behind an extremely dense core approximately the size of Earth, called a white dwarf.