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What enzyme attaches new DNA nucleotides to make the new strand of DNA?
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∙ 8y ago
DNA polymerase
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∙ 11y ago
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∙ 13y agoreverse transcriptase
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How does the nucleotides on one strand of DNA provide a template or guide for the sequence of subunits on the other strand?
They bond, and make a replication of itself.
What is the name of the enzyme that copies the sense strand to make mRNA?
RNA polymerase
What is the process by which DNA is used as a template to make more DNA?
The double strand is separated by an enzyme called helicase. A primer is placed at the 3' end of the template strand. DNA Polymerase III (another enzyme) then adds new nucleotides to the primer, in the 5'-3' direction. The primers are replaced with DNA nucleotides by DNA Polymerase I and joined together by ligase. This is how DNA is replicated.
How are errors in the replication process corrected?
"... errors are corrected in DNA is through the use of the enzyme DNA polymerase. This enzyme is the same one that matches nucleotides that create a new strand to the old strand of a molecule of DNA. After DNA polymerase creates the new molecule of DNA, it checks its work, to make sure that it didn't try to match a nucleotide with its incorrect pair." -taken from last editors paper.
How does the cell know which enzyme to make and how to make it?
Enzymes are proteins. Thus, DNA codes the enzyme's information to an mRNA strand, which then is translated by tRNA into an anticodon. This takes place on the ribosome.
What does DNA polymerase in DNA replication do?
DNA polymerase attaches (polymerizes) nucleotides together to make polynucleotides using a strand of DNA that has already been unzipped by DNA helicase.
What enzyme adds nucleotides of RNA to make the mRna?
RNA Polymerase is the enzyme responsible for adding RNA nucleotides to make mRNA.
What does it mean to say DNA polymerase reads a template strand to make the complementary strand?
During DNA replication, the enzyme DNA polymerase catalyses the formation of new strands of DNA, using the old strands as models. DNA has a double-helix structure, with two strands forming each helix. Each strand is made up of DNA nucleotides, with the genetic information encoded in the sequence of different nucleotides (different nucleotides are distinguished by molecules called 'bases' attached to them, so the sequence of nucleotides is known as the 'base sequence'). The base sequence of one strand is complementary to that of its' neighbour - the base A binds with T, and C with G, so if one strand had the sequence ATTACA, the base sequence of the complementary strand would be TAATGT. When DNA polymerase creates a new DNA strand, it does so by matching nucleotides to the base sequence of one of the strands - the template strand. New nucleotides are brought in, which match the template in a complementary fashion (ie. A-T, C-G), and join to become one new strand. This new strand is complementary to the template.
How does the nucleotides on one strand of DNA provide a template or guide for the sequence of subunits on the other strand?
They bond, and make a replication of itself.
What is the process by which DNA is used as a template to make more DNA?
The double strand is separated by an enzyme called helicase. A primer is placed at the 3' end of the template strand. DNA Polymerase III (another enzyme) then adds new nucleotides to the primer, in the 5'-3' direction. The primers are replaced with DNA nucleotides by DNA Polymerase I and joined together by ligase. This is how DNA is replicated.
What is the name of the enzyme that copies the sense strand to make mRNA?
RNA polymerase
How many nucleotides does it take to make a complete strand?
How many nucleotides are in one full twist of the DNA molecule?
What Unwinds the DNA strand and breaks the hydrogen bonds between nucleotides in preparation for replication?
The initiation complex makes a small gap for a helicase enzyme to bind. It is the helicase the 'undwinds' the DNA for most of replication. In E. coli, for example, DnaA protein binds DNA to make a small gap between the two DNA strands, where DnaB enzyme (a helicase) can bind to the lagging strand (the one that is copied in fragments). From there, DnaB unwinds the DNA ahead of the polymerase enzyme.
How are errors in the replication process corrected?
"... errors are corrected in DNA is through the use of the enzyme DNA polymerase. This enzyme is the same one that matches nucleotides that create a new strand to the old strand of a molecule of DNA. After DNA polymerase creates the new molecule of DNA, it checks its work, to make sure that it didn't try to match a nucleotide with its incorrect pair." -taken from last editors paper.
Which part makes up the backbone of a DNA strand?
It not 1, but four components that make up the strand. These 4 nucleotides are guanine, cytosine, thymine, and adenine (G-C-T-A)
How does the cell know which enzyme to make and how to make it?
Enzymes are proteins. Thus, DNA codes the enzyme's information to an mRNA strand, which then is translated by tRNA into an anticodon. This takes place on the ribosome.
What nucleic acids are involved in translation?
There are a variety of enzymes used in replication. Helicase is used to open the hydrogen bonds that connect the two strands. However, this causes a tension to form in the strands (like a wind up toy) so some of it needs to be released. This is done by topoisomerase, which cuts the strands, lets them spin out some of the tension and attaches the DNA back together again. Moving behind helicase, is an enzyme called SSBP. This basically binds to the DNA sequence to prevent it from reattaching to itself after helicase unzips it; DNA would otherwise just bond back with the other strand. Then an RNA Polymerase called primase comes and attaches a primer to the DNA strands. This is needed because the next enzyme, DNA polymerase will not from scratch and needs a base to work from: the primer serves this role. Starting on the primer, DNA Polymerase III synthesizes the new strand, but the primers are still left on the strands. These will be removed by DNA Polymerase I which also adds new nucleotides to the hole left by the primer. Finally, an enzyme called ligase fills the one nucleotide gap left between the primer and the newly synthesized DNA with a sugar phosphate backbone (not another nucleotide)
