1. Gravity. 2. Volcanism. 3. Tectonics. 4. Hydraulics.
Erosion can weaken the base of a slope, making it more susceptible to mass wasting events such as landslides or rockfalls. By stripping away supporting material, erosion can increase the likelihood of slope failure. Additionally, erosion can transport material downslope, contributing to the accumulation of debris at the base of the slope and potentially triggering mass wasting.
Landslide, slope failure, mass movement and mass wasting are all terms that could be used to describe a mudslide.
The three main causes of mass wasting are gravity (acting on the material), the slope angle (steeper slopes are more prone to failure), and the presence of a trigger event such as heavy rainfall or seismic activity.
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The force of gravity causes mass wasting to occur faster.
Saturation.
Gravity, geological age, and slope angel
Mass wasting or mass movement refers to the movement of rock debris down a slope due to the influence of gravity. The movement is induced by natural factors or by human interferance on hill slope. The movement can be slow or fast.
The steeper the slope, the faster the water will flow downhill due to gravity pulling it more strongly. A steeper slope provides a greater force that propels the water downstream at a higher velocity.
Down-slope movement of Earth materials can be due to various factors such as gravity, water, wind, ice, and human activities. These forces cause erosion, mass wasting, and landslides, leading to the gradual movement and displacement of soil, rock, and sediment downslope.
When the gravitational force acting on a slope exceeds its resisting force, slope failure (mass wasting) occurs. The slope material's strength and cohesion and the amount of internal friction between material help maintain the slope's stability and are known collectively as the slope's shear strength. The steepest angle that a cohesionless slope can maintain without losing its stability is known as its angle of repose. When a slope possesses this angle, its shear strength perfectly counterbalances the force of gravity acting upon it. Mass wasting may occur at a very slow rate, particularly in areas that are very dry or those areas that receive sufficient rainfall such that vegetation has stabilised the surface. It may also occur at very high speed, such as in rock slides or landslides, with disastrous consequences, both immediate and delayed, e.g., resulting from the formation of landslide dams. Factors that change the potential of mass wasting include: change in slope angle; weakening of material by weathering; increased water content; changes in vegetation cover; and overloading.