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At a State level, the Constitution does not require that persons be given a right to appeal against conviction in ordinary cases. See McKane v. Durston, 153 U. S. 684 (1894). As such, States are not constitutionally obliged to give convicts a right of appeal. All States, however, provide some form of appeal, presumably because of the recognition that justice systems are fallible.

It is likely that some form of review is mandatory in capital cases, in order to avoid the death penalty being applied in contravention of the 8th Amendment. In Pulley v Harris 465 US 37, 59 (1984), Stevens J stated that 'some form of meaningful appellate review is an essential safeguard against the arbitrary and capricious imposition of death sentences by individual juries and judges.' See also Dugger, 498 US at 321 ('We have emphasized repeatedly the crucial role of meaningful appellate review in ensuring that the death penalty is not imposed arbitrarily or irrationally.'); Collins v State 261 Ark. 195, 211 (1977) ('It seems to us that the only actual requirement … is that a meaningful appellate review is available to insure that death penalties are not arbitrarily, capriciously or freakishly imposed.') The Supreme Court does not appear to have expressly considered the matter, however, as all death penalty states provide for some form of review.

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Q: What give criminals the right to appeal?
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