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The USSR launched Sputnik on October 4th, 1957 and Explorer 1 was launched on January 31st, 1958--so the answer is 119 days.
The second satellite to be sent into Earth orbit was "Sputnik 2".
The first artificial satellite, Sputnik I, was launched by the USSR (Russia) in 1957. Following its launch on October 4, Russia launched Sputnik 2 on November 3. Sputnik 3 was not launched until May, 1958 following the US Explorer and Vanguard satellites in January and March.
Spunik 1 was launched on October 4, 1957 and stayed in orbit until January 4, 1958. Sputnik 2 was launched on November 3, 1957 and stayed in orbit until April 15, 1958. Further satellites in the series were Sputnik 3 in May, 1958, and the satellites referred to as Sputnik 4 and 5 (actually early Vostok capsules) in 1960.
The second attempt to launch Sputnik 3 was successfully done on may 15 1958.
Sputnik 1 - launched October 4 1957 (orbited until January 4, 1958)
Sputnik 1 was launched on the 4th of October 1957.
The US launched its first successful artificial satellite, Explorer 1 (Explorer I) on January 31, 1958. The USSR (Russia) had already launched two satellites, Sputnik 1 (October 4, 1957) and Sputnik 2 (November 3, 1957). But both Sputniks had been in lower orbits: the first burned up on reentry on January 4, 1958 and the second on April 14, 1958.
The first artificial satellite was Sputnik I, launched by the USSR on October 4, 1957. It orbited the Earth until January 4, 1958. Sputnik 2, carrying a live dog passenger, was launched November 3, 1957. The first successful US satellite was Explorer 1, launched February 1, 1958.
EXPLORER 1, launched in February 1958, a desperate response to the 1957 Russian launch of Sputnik 1.
Sputnik 1 was never designed to land, approximately 3 months after it was launched it's orbit had decayed enough, that on the 4th January 1958 it burnt up as it reentered the Earth's atmosphere
Sputnik-1 was launched from site No.1, at the 5th Tyuratam range, in Kazakh SSR (now at the Baikonur Cosmodrome) Kazakhstan, former Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR).Sputnik 1 was launched from Gagarin's Start which is the 5th Tyuratam range, located in Kazakhstan (A country of west-central Asia, south of Russia) where the Baikonor Cosmodrome is now.The Union of Soviet Socialists Republics (U.S.S.R.)