What happens when genes go wrong?

Answer 1

it makes peoples body work diffrently this means ey could be disabled or blind or any other form of disabilty

Genes are actually areas on your DNA that code for a specific protein. So if a gene for a protein is faulty, the protein coded would be different. Then when the protein is used to make an enzyme or hormone, or a structure in your body, it would not function properly as the basic structure is different from the original.

e.g.

Sickle cell anemia. A faulty gene that code for a protein that is a component of hemoglobin in red blood cells results in impaired red blood cells.

Answer 2

First, DNA helicase (an enzyme) unzips the strand of DNA starting at the promoter region where activator proteins have bound to call attention to the gene. While it's doing that, RNA polymerase builds an RNA complement from nitrogen bases (using uracil instead of thymine), and after that the RNA goes to a spliceosome where the non-coding introns are cut out and then finally to a ribosome. The ribosome "reads" the RNA 5' to 3', and tRNA match the three-base codes in the RNA with the appropriate amino acids (AAA or AAG for lysine, TGG for tryptophan, etc.). As the RNA feeds through the ribosome, the amino acids assemble into a polypeptide, and when the RNA is done being read, the polypeptide is released from the ribosome and folds into a protein with the help of chaperone proteins. The proteins, generally, are what do stuff, but their roles in chemical reactions are way too many to mention here; they can produce pigmentation, act as catalysts, compose various structures, help in cell recognition, or any number of other things.

Of course, none of this happens if the DNA region in question is methylated (has methyl groups bound to it) and can't expand to let the helicase and polymerase get at the genes, and it also happens less often if the genes in question don't have promoters bound to them or instead have repressor proteins bound to them that prevent expression.

Answer 3

The person gets a genetic disease, for example: polydactyly, achondroplasia or progeria, to name a few.

Answer 4

A mutation occurs.

Answer 5

Abnormal, unhealthy cells develop.