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Thrust
Wave Erosion
Picture the arch. It resists the pull of gravity. The force of gravity is a constant, and it wants to pull the center of the span down. But the materials distribute some of the force sideways. The sides of the arch support much of the weight of the structure, but they have to be designed to resist being "pushed apart" by the arch as well as to hold it up. Take two sticks and a smooth table top. Stand the sticks a little apart and tip them to where the tops touch. Put just a bit of tape there to keep the sticks touching and pushing on each other. With a smooth table and a goodly space between the bottoms of the sticks, the sticks will slip sideways and fail to stand up. That's the "down" force of gravity acting along the stick. It pushes down, and the sticks resist. And some of the force is vectored "along" the stick and causes an "outward" push. It's an experiment that shows the "down and outward" force on the sticks, and the arch experiences similar forces. There are some other considerations that must be looked at in arch construction, but those two are the primary ones. It is the "down" and the "out" forces that are greatest in the arch. Links are provided to relevant Wikipedia posts. One is to a nice drawing, and the second is to the article on the arch. If pictures are worth a thousand words, there is a book here. And there are arches that have been standing for a thousand years, too!
Thrist., of Thrust, To push or drive with force; to drive, force, or impel; to shove; as, to thrust anything with the hand or foot, or with an instrument., To stab; to pierce; -- usually with through., To make a push; to attack with a pointed weapon; as, a fencer thrusts at his antagonist., To enter by pushing; to squeeze in., To push forward; to come with force; to press on; to intrude., A violent push or driving, as with a pointed weapon moved in the direction of its length, or with the hand or foot, or with any instrument; a stab; -- a word much used as a term of fencing., An attack; an assault., The force or pressure of one part of a construction against other parts; especially (Arch.), a horizontal or diagonal outward pressure, as of an arch against its abutments, or of rafters against the wall which support them., The breaking down of the roof of a gallery under its superincumbent weight.
When an arch is used to support a wall over two pillars, tension does not occur.
the top of the arch under goes tension and horizontal thrust
An arch works by transfering the load on the central portion of the arch outward and downward into the columns which support it.
Thrust is the outward push that an arch or gable roof produces as a result of the downward loads it carries. Basically, the downward load tries to flatten the arch or gable, causing the ends to push outward.
its direct weight downward into the ground.....
Compression
Water pressure is one force that acts heavily on an arch dam. The beauty of an arch dam, however, is that all of the forces acting on the dam only serve to press against the arch, forcing the arch itself to accept this force in a way that only fortifies the arch.
Thrust
A Headland is formed
An arch will stand most force.
Arch bridges are always under compression. The force of compression is pushed outward along the curve of the arch toward the abutments.The natural curve of the arch and its ability to dissipate the force outward greatly reduces the effects of tension on the underside of the arch. The greater the degree of curvature (the larger the semicircle of the arch), however, the greater the effects of tension on the underside.Therefore, if the arch is a perfect circle, the tension is negligible.
Sideways and down the bridge's arch pillars, keeping all points of contact in compression.
To sign "welcome" in American Sign Language, you can use both hands to make a waving motion towards yourself, as if welcoming someone in. This gesture is often accompanied by a smile to make it more inviting.