each parent must reduce his/her genetic material by half in a process called meiosis.
Asexual reproduction decreases genetic variation which is the raw material on which natural selection operates. This is because asexual reproduction produces identical offspring to the parent.
Multicellular organisms
The genetic information is duplicated, so that each new cell has the same genetic code as the original.
it attaches to RNA and the genetic code
Each human cell contains 46 chromosomes. Just before division, these chromosomes contain two identical copies of all of the cell's genetic material.
Chromosomes and sister chromatids are joined strands of duplicated genetic material. A chromatid is one copy of a duplicated chromosome which, before replication, is composed of one DNA molecule.
A bacteriophage is a completely assembled virus capable of landing on a bacterium and injecting it's genetic material in lysis, or a lysogenic attack. A provirus is a virus that has incorporated it's genetic material into the genetic material of the host for continual replication, thus, " before " the phage. This is the lysogenic phase of viral attack.
The chromosomes from each parent sex cell must interact with each other in a process called crossing over. Crossing over allows the exchange of genes between the two chromosomes.
replicating
Melios
Chromosomes and sister chromatids are joined strands of duplicated genetic material. A chromatid is one copy of a duplicated chromosome which, before replication, is composed of one DNA molecule.
Viruses attach specific cells and inject genetic material. There are viruses called bacteriophages that infect bacteria be injecting their genetic material into the bacterial host and invading their protein machinery. With animal viruses that infect animal cells (much larger than bacteria), the virus either injects genetic material OR gets into the cell whole before it begins to unleash its pathogenic effects