Gluten come from wheat, it is responsible for a stable structure of the pastrys
Too much gluten in the pastry causes the pastry to toughen. The end result of such a pastry would be a tougher pastry - less flake and tenderness. Prohibit the gluten formation by not using too much water. (water causes gluten to form) and in addition do not over work the pastry. The more the pastry is handled, the more gluten is formed, the tougher the pastry.
YES
well Flour for the structure of the pastrySoft plain flour (low in gluten) is used in shortcrust pastry to give a short crumbStrong plain flour (high in gluten) if used in flaky/rough puff pastry to give the pastry elasticity
gluten
In a traditional quiche, the only ingredient that will contain gluten is the flour with which the pastry case is made. To make a gluten free version, purchase a bag of gluten free flour and use this for the pastry.
Bread flour has a higher percentage of gluten than all-purpose flour or pastry flour. Gluten is a protein molecule that forms a sort of network in dough that is desirable to make bread chewy. But pastry is suppose to be tender or flaky, not chewy or tough. So bread flour is not a good choice for making pastry.
Lemon juice helps gluten strands to be more elastic.
baked too long, baked too high a temp. Addition: If the pastry was tough then there could have been too much water in the mixture. Water aids the development of gluten, which makes pastry tough. It could also be because you "handled/kneaded or worked with" the pastry for too long. When making pie pastry, you must handle the pastry as little as possible.
Margarine in shortcrust pastry serves as a fat that contributes to the pastry's tenderness and flakiness. It inhibits gluten formation by coating flour particles, resulting in a softer texture. Additionally, margarine adds moisture and richness, enhancing the overall flavor of the pastry. The proper incorporation of margarine also helps create a desirable crumb structure, making the pastry easier to work with.
Gluten development is not retarded by heating and cooking pastry or any other item when baking that contains it. The gluten only provides the stretchy elastic properties of the dough or pastry and as the dough or pastry expands it helps it hold together and remain in a good moist chewy textured effect when you come to eat it. The only way to retard gluten if you don't require it in a product is to use gluten free substitutes for the flour and raising agents that the recipe comprises. Using gluten free flours like rice flour, buckwheat flour, potato starch; tapioca flour; chick pea flour; makes a rather dry result but it can be enhanced by using Xanthan Gum which can be bought in powdered form. This is added to the flour about 1 or 2 teaspoons full to a pound of flour. Raising agents like gluten free baking powder and the normal eggs in the recipe will create a good result in cakes bread and pastry and some of the mixtures of gluten free flour are very good subsitutes. Of course Coeliacs disease sufferers must not ingest even tiny fragments of gluten or it damages the wall of their gut and causes some considerable damage and discomfort and is quite dangerous. Anyhow to conclude, I'm not sure where you got the idea that making shortcrust or sweet pastry retards the gluten. I wasn't aware it did. -- Dartmoor Creeper
If the pastry is chilled, it is much easier to work with while rolling out, etc, and keeps it from being too sticky, requiring more flour (which would make it tough). Also, if it is chilled before putting in the oven, it creates steam, which helps the crust to be more tender and flaky.
Yes you can but the result will be a rather flat loaf as pastry and cake flour do not contain as much gluten as bread flour. Gluten which is developed by kneading the bread dough is essential to a well structured bread.