It gets retired.
Storm surges, wind, and water
A marsh does not do anything to affect a tornado's destructive potential, but it can reduce the effects of a hurricane. One of the most destructive parts of the impact of a hurricane is the storm surge, where the winds drive seawater onto land. Marshes reduce the storm surge.
Hurricane Sandy was an unusually large and powerful storm and its great destructive potential was recognized days before its final landfall. Sandy merged with a non-tropical storm system in a manner similar to the Perfect Storm of 1991 and it technically was no longer a hurricane when it made landfall in New Jersey.
They aren't. A hurricane's name is retired if the storm is particularly deadly or destructive. Some years there are no hurricanes with a significant enough impact for their names to be retired. Most seasons, though, have enough storms that chances are at least one will have a severe impact somewhere.
Hurricane names come up for reuse once every six years until they are retired. Names are retired when a storm is particularly deadly or destructive. Some names are not used so often, as storm names are assigned in alphabetical order and a season does not usually go through the full list of allotted names.
It gets retired.
Hurricane
Storm surges, wind, and water
A marsh does not do anything to affect a tornado's destructive potential, but it can reduce the effects of a hurricane. One of the most destructive parts of the impact of a hurricane is the storm surge, where the winds drive seawater onto land. Marshes reduce the storm surge.
There is no particular length of time. A hurricane name is available for re-use every six years until a storm of that name is particularly deadly or destructive, in which case the name is replaced (e.g. Katrina was replaced with Katia)
Hurricane
Hurricane Sandy was a newsworthy event because it was an extremely large, dangerous, and destructive storm that showed unprecedented behavior.
Yes. Hurricane Andrew was one of the most destructive hurricanes on record, so no future storm will be named Andrew.
Hurricane is a violent tropical storm. In a hurricane winds spiral round very rapidly.
Hurricane Ike was the third most destructive hurricane to ever make landfall in the United States. It was the ninth named storm, fifth hurricane and third major hurricane of 2008.
They aren't. A hurricane's name is retired if the storm is particularly deadly or destructive. Some years there are no hurricanes with a significant enough impact for their names to be retired. Most seasons, though, have enough storms that chances are at least one will have a severe impact somewhere.
Hurricane Sandy was an unusually large and powerful storm and its great destructive potential was recognized days before its final landfall. Sandy merged with a non-tropical storm system in a manner similar to the Perfect Storm of 1991 and it technically was no longer a hurricane when it made landfall in New Jersey.