1) They start over again, the same day. The Torah is never "finished."
2) The event (which occurs each Tishrei 22) is celebrated with dancing, song and prayers.
They have to learn Hebrew.
Praying to God and reading from the Torah.
It's mainly Orthodox Jews who do that. It's part of prayer.
For the same reasons as the other branches - the celebrate the completion of reading the Torah.
The One God, creator of the universe and giver of the Torah. We don't utter God's name outside of prayers and reading Torah-verses.
Festive meal with Kiddush recited over wine. Special prayers. Torah-reading. Cessation from work.
It depends on how the term is meant. "Torah Jews" can mean more than one thing. If the definition is: Those who live the laws of the Torah (which is the way the phrase "Torah Jews" is usually used), then it is understandably common to reserve that description for observant Jews. It is indeed customary today to call observant Jews "Torah Jews"; so the answer to the question is Yes. The word "Orthodox" is seen by many Torah Jews to be an exonym, i.e. a term applied to them by non-Orthodox, whereas they prefer the term "Torah Jews". If the definition is: Who is Jewish according to the Torah, then Torah Jews would include non-observant Jews, because they don't cease being Jewish. All Jews, regardless of levels of observance are "Torah Jews" since their Jewishness is derived from the Torah's mandates.
Depends. If you mean something like an accidental smudge of the words on the parchment, the Torah would need to be repaired by a qualified rabbi/scribe.
They are Jews who keep the Torah.
Orthodox Jews or Torah Jews.
There was a time when the Jews were subjected to a persecution which included a decree that they not read from the Torah. In order that the weekly Torah readings not fall into disuse, the Sages instituted a custom to read a portion from the prophets that was a similar subject to each week's Torah reading.
To honor the Torah and glorify it.