Intergovernmental efforts are the norm with the national government enforcing its will in some cases, while states voluntarily comply in other cases.
States have voluntarily adopted the proroties of the natinoal government by accepting federal grants, as inthe era of cooperative federalism.
Conflicted federalism is the current status of national-state relations. It has some elements of dual and cooperative federalism, with an overall centralizing tendency at the same time that elements of policy are devolved.
Declaration of Intergovernmental Independence
Because intergovernmental relations refer to the relationship between the state and local governments. It's key to the interactions of giving funds to local governments by the national government.
Bhajan S. Grewal has written: 'Towards adaptive federalism' -- subject(s): Federal government 'Fiscal federalism in India' -- subject(s): Intergovernmental fiscal relations
Cooperative Federalism
Cooperative Federalism
Garth Stevenson has written: 'Federalism in Canada (Oxford)' 'Parallel Paths' 'Mineral resources and Australian federalism' -- subject(s): Mineral industries, Intergovernmental fiscal relations 'Unfulfilled union'
Sandra S Osbourn has written: 'Federalism' -- subject(s): Federal government, Intergovernmental fiscal relations
Richard Deeg has written: 'Internationalization and financial federalism' -- subject(s): Intergovernmental fiscal relations, International economic relations
The cakes refer to the different types of federalism. The main concern is the sharing or separation of powers and the extent to which the State and Federal governments cooperate or compete. They are as follows Layer Cake--Dual Federalism--1789 to 1860 Marble Cake--Cooperative Federalism-- 1930 to 1960 Pound Cake--Co-optive federalism-- 1960 to 1980 Crumble Cake--Competitive Federalism-- 1980 till Present
Cheryl Saunders has written: 'Federalism' -- subject(s): Federal government 'Section 96 grants' -- subject(s): Federal government, Intergovernmental fiscal relations
Russell L. Mathews has written: 'Measures of fiscal effort and fiscal capacity in relation to Australian state road finance' -- subject- s -: Roads, Intergovernmental fiscal relations, Finance 'Fiscal equalisation in transport' -- subject- s -: Federal aid to transportation, Intergovernmental fiscal relations, Transportation, Finance 'Australian federalism, 1977' -- subject- s -: Federal government, Intergovernmental fiscal relations, Economic conditions 'Inflation and company finance' -- subject- s -: Accounting, Inflation - Finance -