That's called 'software piracy'. Originally, people caught were sued by the program writers in civil court. However - it has now been transformed (quite rightly) into a criminal offence. Therefore - perpetrators are now arrested and charged with copyright theft.
The author, J. K. Rowling, as well as her representatives, have taken some legal actions against some obvious copyright infringements. They have also been on the receiving end of legal actions, with others claiming that J. K. Rowling violated copyright. These latter cases have not been upheld in court. See the related links.
I've been fortunate that I have never been a victim of ID theft.
It depends on the country. In the US, it would have been the 1831 Copyright Act.
The political risk associated with Japan appears to be lessening. Their current account surplus has increased, as has demand for Japanese exports. Trade sanctions also appear to have been relaxed.
Unless other agreements have been made, the creator is considered the copyright holder.
Shoplifting is theft, and theft has always been considered criminal behavior.
In the US, since copyright law was amended in 1989, it has not been necessary to display a copyright notice for protection.
Disposition of copyright should have been agreed upon in the commissioning agreement.
Because registration is not required for protection, there is no way to tell how much software has been protected by copyright. On the other hand, since protection is automatic, you can also say that all software is protected by copyright.
© is a symbol indicating copyright; it has been in use for a little more than 100 years.
UK copyright laws have been in place since the early 1700's