What has the author Klaas Johan Popma written?

What has the author Leo Popma written?

Leo Popma has written: 'In weak reservaet'

When did K. J. Popma die?

K. J. Popma died in 1986.

When was K. J. Popma born?

K. J. Popma was born in 1903.

When did Alardo de Popma die?

Alardo de Popma died in 1641.

What actors and actresses appeared in De macht van het Getal - 1992?

The cast of Bureau Kruislaan - 1992 includes: Nessa Aberkan JanAd Adolfsen Marjolein Akkermans Edith Andriesse as Sonja Bloemink David Asser as Jongerenwerker Barry Atsma as Bob Voskuil Jr. Barry Atsma as Bob Vosuil Jr. Tamer Avkapan as Gemal Oksal Cas Baas Jak Bakker as Kidnapper Edda Barends as Trudy Kervel Bram Bart as Henkes Thijs Bayens as Harry Burger Els Beekman Piet Bestebroer Paul Beudel as Jan Baars Christine Bijvanck as Alicia Beentjes Marnie Blok as Pia Bolker Jasper Boddeke as Klaas Tukker Annick Boer Joost Boer Peter Bolhuis Herman Bolten as Van Dalen Arthur Boni Arthur Boni as Tom Panhuis Ida Bons Lars Boom as Gevangenisdirecteur Arnoud Bos as Jaap de Vries Arnoud Bos as Rik Ron Boszhard Ron Boszhard as Detective Ada Bouwman as Woman Eddie Brugman as Wethouder Barnstijn Aafke Bruining Hayo Bruins as de Vos Bert Bunschoten as Musters Alvin Ceder as Junior Ali Cifteci Romijn Conen Romijn Conen as Tourgids Kees Coolen Kees Coolen as Thomas Keizer Gerda Cronie as Mevrouw Mavis Anna Crott as Afdelingshoofd Dorijn Curvers Dorijn Curvers as Lucy Akkermans Guus Dam as Richard de Haas Margo Dames Margo Dames as Mary Meijer Cilly Dartell Cilly Dartell as Dokter Dijkstra Peter de Gelder as Dennis Frederik de Groot Frederik de Groot as Guus Bals Theo de Groot as Meneer Hartog Steven de Jong as Inspecteur Laber Albertine de Kanter as Zuster Erik de Vogel as Instructeur Bart de Vries as Junk Bart de Vries as Man met paardestaart Joost Demmers as Advocaat Duynstee Lukas Dijkema as Videoman Has Drijver as Gevangenisbewaarder Ruud Drupsteen Jan Elbertse as Alex Peters Marcel Faber Jasper Faber as Robbie Marcel Faber as Trinket Thijs Feenstra Thijs Feenstra as Piet Haarman Barbara Feldbrugge as Monika de Klerk Bob Fosko as Dhr. Wiggers Ge Frankenhuizen as Gerard Porgy Franssen as Tom Pierson Esther Gast Cees Geel as Rik de Veer Johann Glaubitz as Henk Gerards Johann Glaubitz as Pastoor Brinkman Natasja Goedemans as Verpleegster Barbara Gozens Barbara Gozens as Clara Barbara Gozens as Thea Montijn Aus Greidanus Joop Groenendijk Gepke Haakma Arie Hage as Buttelaar Hermi Hartjes as Mrs. Weber Hans Heerschop Hans Heerschop as Niels Brandsma Kenneth Herdigein as Johannes Waskind Mike Ho Sam Sooi as Inspecteur Borgman Peter Hoeksema as Officier van justitie Bentsen Joke Hoolboom as Suzy Smulders Jan Jaap Janssen Jos Jonkers Jos Jonkers as Teddy Egbers Norbert Kaart Norbert Kaart as Roel Giessen Ferry Kaljee as Meneer de Bont Arie Kant Arie Kant as Dirk Schouten Hans Karsenbarg as Mr. Verhoog Marjolein Keuning as Celia Sanders Ivo Knottnerus as Brugmans Frans Koppers as Meneer Talbot Guuske Kotte as Jannie Simons Eric Krediet as Dokter Dijkstra Eric Krediet as Psychiater Jacob Kurc Geert Lageveen as George Klomp Vivian Lampe as Celia Hartog Lieneke le Roux as Christine Verwey Sheila Lever as Mrs. Jenner Mike Libanon as Blijmoer 1 Stan Limburg Maud Loth as Nelly Kramswijk Herman Lutgerink as Mr. Bonhof Marcel Maas as Donald Hidde Maas as Hans Bolker Remco Mast as Menno Tim Meeuws as Vader Bos Frank Meijers as Willem Aalders Jenny Mijnhijmer as Mevrouw de Bont Emma Milton as Junkie Jurg Molenaar as Gielissen Gertrude Mulder as Brenda Knecht Marcel Musters Marcel Musters as Mark van Houten Joan Nederlof Joan Nederlof as Irene Hakkel Frank Nendels as Hooligan Rick Nicolet as Kerkbode Kater Martin Nieuwenhuis as Dokter Jan Nonhof Michiel Nooter Celia Nufaar Joep Onderdelinden Bart Oomen as Wim Jacques Opdenberg as Mr. Jenner Valentijn Ouwens as Mr. Weber Folmer Overdiep as Meneer Witsen Pieter Pas as Jimmy Hans Pauwels as Vader Vink Hertje Peeck Wolf Pheil as Hooligan Diana Phoa as Cha Si Detlev Pols as van Dijk Roef Ragas as Eddie Nagel Ramon Ramnath as Blijmoer 2 Stan Ras as Usher Job Redelaar as Reymers Victor Reinier as Staring Hanneke Riemer as Mevrouw Donia Ronald Rietberg as Arie Wever Rosemaria Rinaldi as Tante Caricola Esther Roord Margot Ros as Marie Tukker Hans Royaards as Hans Blok Freya Ruys as Marleen Raymi Sambo as Parker Frank Schaafsma Frank Schaafsma as Ron Smit Carlo Scheldwacht as de Rode Betty Schuurman as Martha van toorn John Serkei as Meneer de Ruiter Wim Serlie as Instructeur Popma Wim Serlie as Morris Nienke Sikkema as Emmy Panhuis Ergun Simsek Ergun Simsek as Agent Gurbuz Beatrijs Sluyter as Bibliothecaresse Ger Smit as de Goede Ella Snoep as Mevrouw van Tuyl Frans Spek as Blijstra Truce Speyk as Babs Laurens Spoor as Rechter Stefan Stasse as Sterrekamp Machteld Stolte as Clara Beks Marleen Stolz as Melissa Leo Straus as Dhr. Moersteen Coby Stunnenberg Truus te Selle as Eline Voskuil Saskia Temmink as Jo van Nispen Bas ten Batenburg Klaas ten Holt as Don Luc Theeboom as Boss Eline Tienhoven as Klaartje Tukker Coby Timp Peter Tuinman Peter Tuinman as Theo Brandsma Fred Vaassen Ruud van Andel as Jan de Groot Alexander van Bergen as Giorgo Caricola Vincent van de Akker as Harry Nuys Joop van de Donk Joop van de Donk as Erik Akkermans Joop van de Donk as Gerard Akkermans Rob van de Meeberg as Deelman Ryan van den Akker Ryan van den Akker as Jenny Brink Joke van den Berg as Mevrouw Talbot Hans van der Gragt as Gentleman Christine van der Horst as Secretaresse Koos van der Knaap as Leenders Ids van der Krieken as Harry Willem van der Kroft as Willem Kelder Guus van der Made as Jaap Snijders Aafke van der Meij as Mevrouw Zandwijk Willemijn van der Ree as Suzan Pelts Bets van der Wal as Oude vrouw Rikkert van Dijck as Dhr. Reis Jaap van Donselaar as Dokter van Wely Marisa Van Eyle Thea van Ginkel as Mevr. Moersteen Femke van Hove as Isabelle Caricola Gijsbertus Van Kuil as Gasman Simon van Leeuwen as Gielis Kees van Lier as Dokter Huisman Hans van Muiden as Stempels Freek van Muiswinkel Rieneke van Nunen as Tina Kelder Dick van Oosten as Arie Isabella Van Rooy Eric van Sauers Eric van Sauers as Marius Hoefdraad Paul van Soest as Dhr. de Groot Dan van Steen as Marcus Marion van Thijn Michiel Varga Ineke Veenhoven Janine Veeren as Buurvrouw Ellen Verheij as Mevrouw van Wely Frans Vrolijk as Doma Esther Way as Ria Groen Elly Weller as Marie Alsem Henk Westbroek as Foreman Ruud Westerkamp as Mathuis Guusje Westermann Willem Westermann Wimie Wilhelm Jeroen Willems Catalijn Willemsen as Tobia Joop Wittermans as Erik Femke Wolthuis as Secretaresse Hans Zuydveld as Jan van Toorn Ernst Zwaan as Klipsteen

What movie and television projects has Wim Serlie been in?

Wim Serlie has: Performed in "De mooiste tijd" in 1980. Played Verpleger in gevangenis in "Vrijdag" in 1980. Performed in "De beslagen spiegel" in 1980. Played Rechercheur in "Er waren twee koningskinderen" in 1982. Performed in "Oma Fladder" in 1984. Performed in "Kort geluk" in 1986. Played Sjouwer in "Het wassende water" in 1986. Performed in "Adriaen Brouwer" in 1986. Performed in "Nieuwe buren" in 1987. Played Kinderarts Hugo Rietveld in "Medisch Centrum West" in 1988. Played Hugo Rietveld in "Medisch Centrum West" in 1988. Played Pieter Terlingen in "Goede tijden, slechte tijden" in 1990. Played Instructeur Popma in "Bureau Kruislaan" in 1992. Played Raymond Bronks in "Niemand de deur uit" in 1992. Played Morris in "Bureau Kruislaan" in 1992. Played Dokter in "Vrouwenvleugel" in 1993. Played Van Heuven in "Onderweg naar morgen" in 1994. Performed in "Onderweg naar morgen" in 1994. Played Jan van Hulst in "Baantjer" in 1995. Performed in "Het uur van de wolf" in 1995. Played Huisbaas Wilmink in "Goudkust" in 1996. Played Tokyo Lars in "Goede daden bij daglicht" in 1996. Played Voorzitter in "Arends" in 1997. Played Slager in "Kruimeltje" in 1999. Played Tar van Laade in "Russen" in 2000. Played Dokter Vansnick in "Spoed" in 2000. Played Jaap Jodel in "Spoed" in 2000. Played Rijkswachter in "Amazones" in 2004. Played Brugwachter in "Kameleon 2" in 2005. Played Man 1 in "Afblijven" in 2006. Played Nieuwslezer in "Timboektoe" in 2007. Played Boer in "Rollercoaster" in 2007. Played Dries in "Snuf de hond" in 2008. Performed in "Snuf de hond" in 2008. Played Dries in "Snuf de hond en de jacht op vliegende Volckert" in 2008. Played Kraamhouder in "Radeloos" in 2008. Played Dries in "Snuf de hond in oorlogstijd" in 2008. Played Peter Schoorl in "Bit" in 2008. Played Ambassadeur in "Sorry Minister" in 2009. Played Scheikundeleraar in "Lover of Loser" in 2009. Played Henry Oremans in "Copy Paste" in 2010. Played Boer in "Snuf de hond en het spookslot" in 2010. Played Dokter in "Sonny Boy" in 2011. Played Miller in "Sammie is zoek" in 2011. Performed in "Polonaise" in 2011. Played Blind Man in "Flirt" in 2012. Played Rudolph Virchow in "Dubois: The Quest for the Missing Link" in 2013.

Intravascular ultrasound?

DefinitionIntravascular ultrasound is a test that uses sound waves to see inside the coronary arteries, the blood vessels that supply the heart. Alternative NamesIVUS; Ultrasound - coronary artery; Endovascular ultrasound; Intravascular echocardiographyDescriptionA tiny ultrasound wand is attached to the top of a tiny, hollow tube called a catheter. This ultrasound catheter is inserted into an artery in your groin area and moved up to the heart.A computer measures how the sound waves reflect off blood vessels, and changes the sound waves into pictures. IVUS gives the health care provider a look at your coronary arteries from the inside-out.IVUS is almost always done at the end of angioplasty with stent placement, or coronary catheterization. Angioplasty gives a general look at the coronary arteries, but it cannot show the walls of the arteries. IVUS images show the artery walls and can reveal cholesterol and fat deposits (plaques). Buildup of these deposits can increase your risk of a heart attack.IVUS has provided a lot of insight into how stents become clogged (stent restenosis).Why the Procedure Is PerformedIVUS is commonly done to make sure a stent is correctly placed during angioplasty. It may also be done to determine where a stent should be placed.IVUS may also be used to:View the aorta and structure of the artery walls (which can show plaque buildup)Identify which specific blood vessel is involved in aortic dissectionRisksThere is a slight risk of complications with angioplasty and cardiac catheterization. However, the tests are very safe when done by an experienced team. IVUS adds no additional risk.In general, risks may include:Allergic reaction to any dye used during the test, to the stent material, or to the drug used in a drug-eluting stentBleeding or clotting in the area where the catheter was insertedBlood clotClogging of the inside of the stent (in-stent restenosis)Complete blockage of blood flow in a certain areaDamage to a heart valve or blood vesselHeart attackIrregular heartbeat (arrhythmia)Kidney failure(a higher risk in people who already have kidney problems)Stroke (this is rare)After the ProcedureAfter the test, the catheter is completely removed. A bandage is placed on the area. You will usually be asked to lie flat on your back with pressure on your groin area for a few hours after the test to prevent bleeding.If IVUS was done during cardiac catheterization, you will stay in the hospital for about 3 to 6 hours. If IVUS was done during angioplasty, you will stay in the hospital for 12 to 24 hours. The IVUS does not add to the time you must stay in the hospital.ReferencesHartnell GG, Gates J. Ischaemic heart disease. In: Grainger RC, Allison D, Adam, Dixon AK, eds. Diagnostic Radiology: A Textbook of Medical Imaging. 5th ed. New York, NY: Churchill Livingstone; 2008:chap 25.Nicholson T, Patel J. The aorta, including intervention. In: Grainger RC, Allison D, Adam, Dixon AK, eds. Diagnostic Radiology: A Textbook of Medical Imaging. 5th ed. New York, NY: Churchill Livingstone; 2008:chap 27.Popma JJ. Coronary arteriography and intravascular imaging. In: Libby P, Bonow RO, Mann DL, Zipes DP, eds. Braunwald's Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine. 8th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier;2007:chap 20.

Aortic valve surgery - minimally invasive?

DefinitionBlood flows out of your heart and into the aorta through a valve. This valve is called the aortic valve. It opens up so blood can flow out. It then closes, keeping blood from flowing backwards.Aortic valve surgery is done to either repair or replace the aortic valve in your heart.An aortic valve that does not close all the way allows blood to leak back into your heart. This is called aortic regurgitation.An aortic valve that does not open fully will restrict blood flow. This is called aortic stenosis.Minimally invasive aortic valve surgery is done through much smaller incisions (cuts) than the large cut needed for open aortic valve surgery.Alternative NamesBalloon valvuloplasty; Mini-thoracotomy aortic valve replacement or repair; Cardiac valvular surgery; Mini-sternotomy; Ring annuloplasty - minimally invasive; Robotically-assisted endoscopic aortic valve repairDescriptionBefore your surgery you will receive general anesthesia. This will make you unconscious and unable feel pain.There are several different ways to do minimally invasive aortic valve surgery. Techniques include laparoscopy or endoscopy, robot-assisted surgery, and percutaneous surgery.Your surgeon may make a 2-inch to 3-inch-long incision (cut) in the right part of your chest near the sternum (breastbone). Muscles in the area will be divided to so your surgeon can reach the valve. This allows the surgeon to reach your heart and aortic valve.For the endoscopic, or "keyhole, approach, your surgeon makes 1 to 4 small holes in your chest. Then your surgeon uses special instruments and a camera to do the surgery.For robotically-assisted valve surgery, the surgeon makes 2 to 4 tiny cuts (about ? to ? inch) in your chest. The surgeon uses a special computer to control robotic arms during the surgery. The surgeon sees a 3-dimensional view of the heart and aortic valve on the computer. This method is very precise.You will not need to be on a heart-lung machine for any of these surgeries, but your heart rate will be slowed by medicine or a mechanical device.If your surgeon can repair your aortic valve, you may have:Ring annuloplasty -- The surgeon repairs the ring-like part around the valve by sewing a ring of metal, cloth, or tissue around the valve.Valve repair -- The surgeon trims, shapes, or rebuilds 1 or more of the 3 leaflets of the valve. The leaflets are flaps that open and close the valve.If your aortic valve is too damaged, you will need a new valve. This is called replacement surgery. Your surgeon will remove your aortic valve and sew a new one into place. There are two main types of new valves:Mechanical -- made of man-made materials, such as cloth, metal, or ceramic. These valves last the longest, but you will need to take blood-thinning medicine, such as warfarin (Coumadin) or aspirin, for the rest of your life.Biological -- made of human or animal tissue. These valves last 12 to 15 years, but you may not need to take blood thinners for life.Once the new or repaired valve is working, your surgeon willClose the small cut to your heart or aortaPlace catheters (flexible tubes) around your heart to drain fluids that build upClose the surgical cut in your muscles and skinThe surgery may take 1 to 3 hours.Aortic valve surgery is also now being done through a groin artery. No incisions are made on your chest. The doctor sends a catheter (tube) with a balloon attached on the end to the valve. The balloon stretches the opening of the valve. This procedure is called percutaneous valvuloplasty.Why the Procedure Is PerformedAortic valve surgery is done when the valve does not work properly. Surgery may be done for these reasons:Changes in your aortic valve are causing major heart symptoms, such as angina (chest pain), shortness of breath, syncope (fainting spells), or heart failure.Tests show that changes in your aortic valve are beginning to seriously harm how well your heart works.Your heart valve has been damaged by endocarditis (infection of the heart valve).A minimally invasive procedure has many benefits. There is less pain, blood loss, and risk of infection. You will also recover faster than you would from open heart surgery.RisksRisks for any anesthesia are:Reactions to medicinesBreathing problemsBlood clots in the legs that may travel to the lungsInfection, including in the lungs, kidneys, bladder, chest, or heart valvesBleedingAdditional risks vary by the patient's age. Some of these risks are:Irregular heartbeat that must be treated with medicines or a pacemakerDamage to other organs, nerves, or bonesHeart attack, stroke, or deathBefore the ProcedureAlways tell your doctor or nurse:If you are or could be pregnantWhat drugs you are taking, even drugs, supplements, or herbs you bought without a prescriptionYou may be able to store blood in the blood bank for transfusions during and after your surgery. Ask your surgeon about how you and your family members can donate blood.For the 2-week period before surgery, you may be asked to stop taking drugs that make it harder for your blood to clot. These might cause increased bleeding during the surgery.Some of them are aspirin, ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin), and naproxen (Aleve, Naprosyn).If you are taking warfarin (Coumadin) or clopidogrel (Plavix), talk with your surgeon before stopping or changing how you take these drugs.During the days before your surgery:Ask your doctor which drugs you should still take on the day of your surgery.If you smoke, you must stop. Ask your doctor for help.Always let your doctor know if you have a cold, flu, fever, herpes breakout, or any other illness in the time leading up to your surgery.Prepare your house for when you get home from the hospital.The day before your surgery, shower and shampoo well. You may be asked to wash your whole body below your neck with a special soap. Scrub your chest 2 or 3 times with this soap. You also may be asked to take an antibiotic, to prevent infection.On the day of your surgery:You will usually be asked not to drink or eat anything after midnight the night before your surgery. This includes chewing gum and using breath mints. Rinse your mouth with water if it feels dry, but be careful not to swallow.Take the drugs your doctor told you to take with a small sip of water.Your doctor or nurse will tell you when to arrive at the hospital.After the ProcedureAfter your operation, you will spend 3 to 7 days in the hospital. You will spend the first few hours in an intensive care unit (ICU). Nurses will monitor your condition constantly.Usually within 24 hours, you will be moved to a regular room or a transitional care unit in the hospital. You will slowly resume some activity. You may begin a program to make your heart and body stronger.You may have 2 to 3 tubes in your chest to drain fluid from around your heart. These are usually removed 1 to 3 days after surgery.You may have a catheter (flexible tube) in your bladder to drain urine. You may also have intravenous (IV, in the vein) lines for fluids. Nurses will closely watch monitors that display information about your vital signs (pulse, temperature, and breathing). You will have daily blood tests and EKGs to test your heart function until you are well enough to go home.A temporary pacemaker may be placed in your heart if your heart rhythm becomes too slow after surgery.Once you are home, recovery takes time. Take it easy, and be patient with yourself.Outlook (Prognosis)Mechanical heart valves do not fail often. However, blood clots develop on them. If a blood clot forms, you may have a stroke. Bleeding can occur, but this is rare.Biological valves tend to fail over time. But they have a lower risk of blood clots.Techniques for minimally invasive heart valve surgery have improved greatly over the past 10 years. These techniques are safe for most people, and they reduce recovery time and pain.ReferencesFullerton DA, Harken AH. Acquired heart disease: valvular. In: Townsend CM, Beauchamp RD, Evers BM, Mattox KL, eds. Sabiston Textbook of Surgery. 18th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2008:chap 62.Popma JJ, Baim DS, Resnic FS. Percutaneous coronary and valvular interfention. In: Libby P, Bonow RO, Mann DL, Zipes DP, eds. Braunwald's Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine. 8th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 55.Otto CM, Bonow RO. Valvular heart disease. In: Libby P, Bonow RO, Mann DL, Zipes DP, eds. Braunwald's Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine. 8th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 62.

Mitral valve surgery - minimally invasive?

DefinitionBlood that flows between different chambers of your heart must flow through a valve. This valve is called the mitral valve. It opens up enough so blood can flow from one chamber of your heart (left atria) to the next chamber (left ventricle). It then closes, keeping blood from flowing backwards.Mitral valve surgery is surgery to either repair or replace the mitral valve in your heart.Minimally invasive mitral valve surgery is done through much smaller incisions (cuts) than the large incision needed for open surgery.See also: Mitral valve surgery - openAlternative NamesMitral valve repair - right mini-thoracotomy; Mitral valve repair - partial upper sternotomy; Robotically-assisted, endoscopic valve repair, Percutaneous mitral valvuloplastyDescriptionBefore your surgery you will receive general anesthesia. This will make you unconscious and unable to feel pain.There are several different ways to perform minimally invasive mitral valve surgery.Your heart surgeon may make a 2-inch to 3-inch-long incision (cut) in the right part of your chest near the sternum (breastbone). Muscles in the area will be divided so your surgeon can reach the heart. A small cut is made in the left side of your heart so the surgeon can repair or replace the mitral valve.In endoscopic surgery, your surgeon makes 1 to 4 small holes in your chest. Then your surgeon uses special instruments and a camera to do the surgery.For robotically-assisted valve surgery, the surgeon makes 2 to 4 tiny cuts (about ? to ? inch) in your chest. The surgeon uses a special computer to control robotic arms during the surgery. The surgeon sees a 3-dimensional view of the heart and aortic valve on the computer. This method is very precise.You will not need to be on a heart-lung machine for these types of surgery, but your heart rate will be slowed by medicine or a mechanical device.If your surgeon can repair your aortic valve, you may have:Ring annuloplasty -- The surgeon repairs the ring-like part around the valve by sewing a ring of metal, cloth, or tissue around the valve.Valve repair -- The surgeon trims, shapes, or rebuilds 1 or more of the 3 leaflets of the valve. The leaflets are flaps that open and close the valve.If your mitral valve is too damaged, you will need a new valve. This is called replacement surgery. Your surgeon will remove your mitral valve and sew a new one into place. There are two main types of new valves:Mechanical -- made of man-made materials, such as cloth, metal, or ceramic. These valves last the longest, but you will need to take blood-thinning medicine, such as warfarin (Coumadin) or aspirin, for the rest of your life.Biological -- made of human or animal tissue. These valves last 12 to 15 years, but you may not need to take blood thinners for life.The surgery may take 1 to 3 hours.This surgery can also be done through a groin artery, with no incisions on your chest. The doctor sends a catheter (flexible tube) with a balloon attached on the end. The balloon stretches the opening of the valve. This procedure is called percutaneous valvuloplasty.Why the Procedure Is PerformedYou may need surgery if your mitral valve does not work properly.A mitral valve that does not close all the way will allow blood to leak back into the left atria. This is called mitral regurgitation.A mitral valve that does not open fully will restrict blood flow. This is called mitral stenosis.Minimally invasive surgery may be done for these reasons:Changes in your mitral valve are causing major heart symptoms, such as angina (chest pain), shortness of breath, syncope (fainting spells), or heart failure.Tests show that the changes in your mitral valve are beginning to seriously affect your heart function.Your heart valve has been damaged by endocarditis (infection of the heart valve).A minimally invasive procedure has many benefits. There is less pain, blood loss, and risk of infection. You will also recover faster than you would from open heart surgery.RisksRisks for any surgery are:Reactions to medicinesBreathing problemsBlood clots in the legs that may travel to the lungsInfection, including in the lungs, kidneys, bladder, chest, or heart valvesBlood lossMinimally invasive surgery techniques have far fewer risks than open surgery. Possible risks from minimally invasive valve surgery are:Irregular heartbeat that must be treated with medicines or a pacemakerDamage to other organs, nerves, or bonesHeart attack, stroke, or deathBefore the ProcedureAlways tell your doctor or nurse:If you are or could be pregnantWhat drugs you are taking, even drugs, supplements, or herbs you bought without a prescriptionYou may be able to store blood in the blood bank for transfusions during and after your surgery. Ask your surgeon about how you and your family members can donate blood.For the 2-week period before surgery, you may be asked to stop taking drugs that make it harder for your blood to clot. These might cause increased bleeding during the surgery.Some of them are aspirin, ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin), and naproxen (Aleve, Naprosyn).If you are taking warfarin (Coumadin) or clopidogrel (Plavix), talk with your surgeon before stopping or changing how you take these drugs.Prepare your house for when you get home from the hospital.The day before your surgery. Shower and shampoo well. You may be asked to wash your whole body below your neck with a special soap. Scrub your chest 2 or 3 times with this soap. You also may be asked to take an antibiotic, to guard against infection.During the days before your surgery:Ask your doctor which drugs you should still take on the day of your surgery.If you smoke, you must stop. Ask your doctor for help.Always let your doctor know if you have a cold, flu, fever, herpes breakout, or any other illness in the time leading up to your surgery.On the day of the surgery:You will usually be asked not to drink or eat anything after midnight the night before your surgery. This includes chewing gum and using breath mints. Rinse your mouth with water if it feels dry, but be careful not to swallow.Take the drugs your doctor told you to take with a small sip of water.Your doctor or nurse will tell you when to arrive at the hospital.After the ProcedureExpect to spend 3 to 5 days in the hospital after surgery. You will wake up in the intensive care unit (ICU) and recover there for 1 or 2 days. Nurses will closely watch monitors that show information about your vital signs (pulse, temperature, and breathing).Two to 3 tubes will be in your chest to drain fluid from around your heart. They are usually removed 1 to 3 days after surgery. You may have a catheter (flexible tube) in your bladder to drain urine. You may also have intravenous (IV, in a vein) lines to get fluids.You will go from the ICU to a regular hospital room. Your nurses and doctors will continue to monitor your heart and vital signs until you are stable enough to go home. You will receive pain medicine for pain in your chest.Your nurse will help you slowly resume some activity. You may begin a program to make your heart and body stronger.A temporary pacemaker may be placed in your heart if your heart rate becomes too slow after surgery.Outlook (Prognosis)Mechanical heart valves do not fail often. However, blood clots develop on them. If a blood clot forms, you may have a stroke. Bleeding can occur, but this is rare.Biological valves tend to fail over time. But they have a lower risk of blood clots.Techniques for minimally invasive heart valve surgery have improved greatly over the past 10 years. These techniques are safe for most patients, and they reduce recovery time and pain.ReferencesFullerton DA, Harken AH. Acquired heart disease: valvular. In: Townsend CM, Beauchamp RD, Evers BM, Mattox KL, eds. Sabiston Textbook of Surgery. 18th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2008:chap 62.Popma JJ, Baim DS, Resnic FS. Percutaneous coronary and valvular intervention. In: Libby P, Bonow RO, Mann DL, Zipes DP, eds. Braunwald's Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine. 8th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 55.Otto CM, Bonow RO. Valvular heart disease. In: Libby P, Bonow RO, Mann DL, Zipes DP, eds. Braunwald's Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine. 8th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 62.

Which political figures have officially endorsed John McCain for President?

There are many. The full list is at http://johnmccain.com/supporters/ GENERAL CHAIRMANRobert MosbacherFormer U.S. Secretary of Commerce, TexasGENERAL CO-CHAIRMENPhil GrammFormer Senator, Texas Thomas G. LoefflerFormer U.S. Representative, Texas Lindsey GrahamU.S. Senator, South Carolina Sam BrownbackU.S. Senator, Kansas Jon HuntsmanGovernor, Utah Tim PawlentyGovernor, MinnesotaNATIONAL FINANCE COMMITTEE Co-CHAIRSThe Honorable George Argyros, California Mr. Michael Ashner, New York Mr. Brian Ballard, Florida Mr. Lawrence E. Bathgate II, New Jersey Mr. Wayne Berman, Washington, D.C. Mr. Donald L. Bren, California Mr. John Chambers, California Mr. Jim Click, Arizona The Honorable James A. Courter, New Jersey Mr. Donald R. Diamond, Arizona Mr. Ray Dalio, Connecticut Mr. Lewis M. Eisenberg, New Jersey Mr. Jon Hammes, WisconsinMr. James B. Lee, Jr., New York The Honorable Frederic V. Malek, Virginia Mr. John A. Moran, Florida Mr. Carter Pate, Virginia Mr. A. Jerrold Perenchio, CaliforniaMr. Fred Smith, Tennesse Mr. John A. Thain, New YorkThe Honorable Ronald Weiser, MichiganU.S. SENATORSSam Brownback, Kansas Richard Burr, North CarolinaSusan Collins, Maine Lindsey Graham, South CarolinaJon Kyl, Arizona Joe Lieberman, Connecticut Trent Lott, Mississippi Gordon Smith, Oregon Olympia Snowe, Maine John Thune, South Dakota John Warner, VirginiaFORMER U.S. SENATORSDan Coats, Indiana Peter Fitzgerald, IllinoisSlade Gorton, Washington Phil Gramm, Texas Warren Rudman, New Hampshire Mike DeWine, OhioU.S. REPRESENTATIVESSpencer Bachus, Alabama Mike Castle, DelawareLincoln Diaz-Balart, Florida Mario Diaz-Balart, Florida Jeff Flake, Arizona Ric Keller, Florida Mark Kirk, Illinois Ray LaHood, Illinois Steven LaTourette, Ohio Dan Lungren, California Todd Platts, Pennsylvania Chip Pickering, Mississippi Peter Roskam, Illinois Ileana Ros-Lehtinen, Florida John Shadegg, Arizona Chris Shays, Connecticut John Shimkus, Illinois Fred Upton, MichiganFORMER U.S. REPRESENTATIVESSteve Bartlett, Texas Jim Courter, New JerseyJoseph J. DioGuardi, New York Chuck Douglas, New Hampshire Greg Ganske, Iowa Tom Loeffler, TexasJoe Schwartz, Michigan Dick Zimmer, New JerseyGOVERNORSMitch Daniels, Indiana Jim Douglas, Vermont Jon Huntsman, Utah Tim Pawlenty, MinnesotaFORMER GOVERNORSWilliam Clements, Texas Tom Kean, New Jersey Frank Keating, Oklahoma Jim Martin, North Carolina John McKernan, Maine Walter Peterson, New Hampshire Tom Ridge, Pennsylvania Buddy Roemer, Louisiana Jane Swift, MassachusettsLAWYERS FOR McCAINDick Wiley, Chairman, Washington D.C. Stanton Anderson, Washington D.C. A.B. Culvahouse, Virginia Hayden Dempsey, Florida Thomas Leary, Washington D.C., Former Federal Trade Commission CommissionerSTATE PARTY CHAIRSGeorge Gallo, Connecticut Alec Poitevint, GeorgiaFORMER STATE PARTY CHAIRSWinton Blout, III, Alabama Jean Inman, Massachusetts Marlys Popma, IowaECONOMIC POLICY ADVISORS Grant Aldonas, Department of Commerce Carlos Bonilla, Sr VP Washington Group Jeff Brown, Associate Professor of Finance, Univ of Illinois Juan Buttari, Independent Consultant and Researcher in Development Economics Kathleen Cooper, Dean, College of Business, Univ Of North Texas Steve Davis, CRA International And University Of Chicago Graduate School Of Business Richard Dekaser, Senior Vice President And Chief Economist, National City Corporation John Diamond, Edward A. and Hermena Hancock Kelly Fellow in Tax Policy, Baker Institute Of Public Policy, Rice University Emil Frankel, Transportation Consultant And Former Assistant Secretary For Transportation Policy, Department Of Transportation Luke Froeb, Professor, Vanderbilt University Senator Phil Gramm, Former U.S. Senator From Texas Kevin Hassett, Resident Scholar And Director Of Economic Policy Studies, American Enterprise Institute(AEI)Greg Jenner, Former Executive Vice President, American Council Of Life Insurers & Acting Assistant Secretary(Tax Policy), U.S. Treasury Department David John, Senior Research Fellow, Heritage Foundation Tim Kane, Director, Center for International Trade and Economics, Heritage Foundation Melissa Kearney, Assistant Professor Of Economics, University Of Maryland Anne Krueger, Professor At The Johns Hopkins School Of Advanced International Studies (SAIS) & Former First Deputy Managing Director, IMF Adam Lerrick, Visiting Scholar For The American Enterprise Institute (AEI) And Friends Of Allan H. Meltzer Professor Of Economics For Carnegie Mellon Phil Levy, Resident Scholar for the American Enterprise Institute (AEI) and Former Senior Economist for Trade on the President's Council of Economic Advisers Will Melick, Gensemer Associate Professor of Economics, Kenyon College Michael Moore, Professor Of Economics And International Affairs, George Washington University Tom Miller, Resident Fellow for American Enterprise Institute (AEI) Tim Muris, Foundation Professor, George Mason University School Of Law, Former Chairman of the Federal Trade Commission Sean O'Keefe, Former Secretary Of The Navy, NASA Administrator, & Deputy Director Of Office of Management & Budget, The White House Gerry Parsky, Senior Economic Advisor Nancy Pfotenhauer, Former President, Independent Women's Forum James Rill, Partner, Howrey LLP and Former Assistant Attorney General (Antitrust), U.S. Department of Justice Kenneth Rogoff, Professor Of Public Policy, Harvard University Harvey Rosen, Professor Of Economics And Business Policy, Princeton University John Silvia, Managing Director, Chief Economist, Wachovia BankAquiles Suarez, Vice President For Government Affairs For National Association Of Industrial And Office Properties & Former Special Assistant To The President For Domestic PolicyDr. John Taylor, Professor Of Economics At Stanford, Senior Fellow At The Hoover Institution & Former Under Secretary Of Treasury Anthony Villamil, Chief Executive Officer, The Washington Economics Group, Inc. & Former Under Secretary Of Commerce For Economic Affairs Joseph Wright, Chairman Of The Board For Intelsat Mark Zandi, Chief Economist For Moody's Economy.Com FORMER U.S. OFFICIALSFormer Secretaries of StateLawrence S. Eagleburger, Former Secretary of StateAlexander M. Haig, Former Secretary of State Henry Kissinger, Former Secretary of State, New York George P. Shultz, Former Secretary of State, CaliforniaFormer Cabinet SecretariesJack Kemp, Former Secretary of Housing and Urban Development, Former U.S. Representative, New York Robert Mosbacher, Former Secretary of Commerce, Texas Peter Peterson, Former Secretary of Commerce, New York Anthony Principi, Former Secretary of Veteran Affairs, Maryland Former Governor Tom Ridge, Former Secretary of Homeland Security, Pennsylvania James R. Schlesinger, Former Secretary of DefenseFormer National Security OfficialsTom Kean, 9/11 Commission Chairman, New Jersey Robert C. "Bud" McFarlane, Former National Security Advisor, Washington, DC R. James Woolsey Jr., Former CIA Director Robert Inman, Former National Security Advisor and Deputy Director of the CIAFormer Navy SecretariesWilliam Ball, Former Secretary of the Navy, South Carolina John Lehman, Former Secretary of the Navy, New YorkFormer AmbassadorsChuck Cobb, Former Ambassador, Florida Sue Cobb, Former Ambassador, Florida Fred Malek, Former Ambassador, Virginia Ron Weiser, Former Ambassador, Michigan Al Hoffman, Former Ambassador, FloridaFORMER POW'SCommander Ed Alvarez, (ret), Maryland Captain Mike Cronin USN (ret), Maryland Colonel Bud Day, MOH USAF (ret), Florida Commander Paul Galanti USN (ret), Virginia Lt Colonel Orson Swindle USMC (ret), Virginia Click here to read about more military Veterans who support John McCain and click here to read the endorsements of over 100 Admirals and Generals.BUSINESS LEADERSJohn Chambers, CEO of Cisco Carly Fiorina, Former CEO of Hewlett-Packard James Huffines, Banking ExecutiveFrederick W. Smith, CEO of FedEx Dax Swatek, President of Swatek and Associates John Thain, CEO of Merrill LynchATTORNEYS GENERALSteve Carter, Indiana Troy King, Alabama Rob McKenna, Washington Henry McMaster, South CarolinaMark Shurtleff, Utah Wayne Stenehjem, North DakotaSECRETARY OF STATEMark Hammond, South CarolinaSTATE SENATE LEADERSGlenn McConnell, South Carolina President Pro TemporeSTATE SENATORSJoseph Delahunty, New Hampshire John Gallus, Michigan Hugh Leatherman, South Carolina John E. Lyons, Jr., New Hampshire Michelle McManus, MichiganRandy Richardville, Michigan Robert Watson, Rhode IslandSTATE HOUSE LEADERSKevin Elsenheimer, Assistant Minority Leader, MichiganKevin Green, Minority Whip Leader, Michigan Bobby Harrell, Speaker of the House, South Carolina Jim Merrill, House Majority Leader, South Carolina Doug Smith, Speaker Pro Tempore, South Carolina Josh Tardy, House Leader, Maine Chris Ward, Minority Floor Leader, MichiganFORMER STATE HOUSE LEADERSRick Johnson, Former House Speaker, Michigan Chuck Perricone, Former House Speaker, MichiganSTATE HOUSE MEMBERSJudy Emmons, Michigan Fred King, Sr., MichiganFred King, Sr., New Hampshire David Law, MichiganChris Saxman, Virginia Glenn Steil, Jr., MichiganEric Stohl, New Hampshire Robert Watson, Rhode IslandLorence Wenke, MichiganMAYORSTommy Joe Alexander, Irondale, Alabama Carlos Alvarez, Florida George Andersen, Iowa Rick Anderson, Iowa Ron Colling, Iowa Nelson Crabb, IowaDarrell Dobernecker, Iowa Darrell Downs, Iowa Thomas Ginger, Iowa Sandra Hatfield, Iowa Jim Heavens, Iowa Dave Kleis, Minnesota Dennis Kunkle, IowaVirgil Murray, Iowa John Nieland, Iowa Reynold Peterson, Iowa Ruth Randleman, Iowa Steve Samuels, Iowa Bernie Streeter, New Hampshire Bob Walkup, Arizona Ed Winborn, IowaFIRST RESPONDERS FOR McCAINSheriff Lee Baca, Los Angeles County Sheriff John S. Dempsey, Captain, NYC Police Department (Ret.) Tom Kean, Former 9/11 Commission Chairman Frank Keating, Former Oklahoma Governor Robert "Bud" McFarlane, Former National Security Advisor for President Ronald Reagan Mr. Edward D. Mullins, President of the Sergeants Benevolent Association of New York City Tom Ridge, Former Secretary of Homeland SecurityNATIONAL HISPANIC ADVISORY BOARDMayor Carlos Alvarez, Florida Honorable Lincoln Diaz-Balart, Florida Honorable Mario Diaz-Balart, Florida Pastor Mark Gonzalez, Texas Honorable Manuel Lujan, New Mexico Mr. Tony Orlando, Florida Honorable Illeana Ros-Lehtinen, Florida Mr. Solomon D. Trujillo, Colorado Major General Freddy Valenzuela, Florida Honorable Albert C. Zapanta, Texas

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