We can use several different methods. If we look at historical data like Vostok we can see that the earth goes through cycles. We know we are in a warming cycle that started over 10,000 years ago and normally lasts about 100,000 years. From this we get the idea we will see warming for awhile yet.
The next method we have is a very limited observation of actual weather changes. We know that 1850 was a low point known as the mini ice age and we have seen warming since then. From unusually low periods like this and a known warming trend, most science experts agree that warming should occur.
We now have the ability to enter all this data into computers and programs.
We use these programs to make very elaborate predictions as to future climate.
The scientists observe the changes in climate very carefully. They know that the daily changes in climate are caused by storms and fair weather moving over the Earth . They know that the seasoning changes are due to the turning of Earth around the sun.The most important cause of climate is the heating and cooling of the air.
Food webs
Climate is easier to predict than weather, as climate is not subject to the same vagaries. Scientists use complex computer simulations to model climate change. Climate models have successfully predicted changes on all seven of the eight planets in our solar system which possess atmospheres. Mercury, with no atmosphere, essentially has no climate.
Scientists can tell when an El Nino will occur if in the tropical Pacific Ocean, a network of buoys will indicate a change in temperature, currents and winds in the equatorial band. These collected data are evaluated by a computer designed to predict El Nino.
It's difficult to predict accurately, but warming often leads to drying. If the rains stop over the Daintree the trees will die.
The common idea is that a warmer climate means that there will be more energy to power violent storms such as tornadoes. This view is grossly oversimplified. Weather and climate are very complex and difficult to predict. Scientists are still uncertain how climate change might affect tornadoes.
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Scientists predict that climate change will lead to "weather events" that are more frequent and more severe.
No
They use actual data gathered from previous weather patterns, temperatures and other information.
Now, scientists can only predict the location and what it could do. They can't predict exactly when, example would be, they only know an earthquake will hit Japan between now and 10 years. They also can't predict how big/destructive it will be. (Not very helpful, predicting earthquakes...)
Climate is easier to predict than weather, as climate is not subject to the same vagaries. Scientists use complex computer simulations to model climate change. Climate models have successfully predicted changes on all seven of the eight planets in our solar system which possess atmospheres. Mercury, with no atmosphere, essentially has no climate.
Nearly all climatologists believe that mankind's activities are warming the planet. They cannot be confident about exactly what will happen as it's too difficult to predict with certainty,
A change in plant communities through time is Succession.
Scientists can tell when an El Nino will occur if in the tropical Pacific Ocean, a network of buoys will indicate a change in temperature, currents and winds in the equatorial band. These collected data are evaluated by a computer designed to predict El Nino.
It's difficult to predict accurately, but warming often leads to drying. If the rains stop over the Daintree the trees will die.
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There is no telling if it will change or not, you can't predict something like that.
Scientists use plate tectonics to understand the history of Earth's surface by studying how the plates have shifted and collided over time. By studying past plate movements, scientists can reconstruct Earth's past geography and climate. They can also predict future plate movements and use this information to forecast how Earth's surface will continue to change in the future. For example, by studying the current movement of the Pacific Plate and other plates, scientists can predict the future movement of the plates and how this may affect volcanism and earthquakes in the region.