There are many genetic mutations that affect the hemoglobin itself, the best-known of which is sickle cell disease. Such hereditary disorders as spherocytosis weaken the outer membrane of the red cell.
Hemolysis can be caused by a variety of conditions such as Streptococcus, Enterococcus, Staphylococcus, Plasmodium, or genetic disorders.
Normocytic anemia (normal MCV) can be caused by kidney and liver disease, bone marrow disorders, or excessive bleeding or hemolysis of the red blood cells.
Hemolysis occurs when red blood cells rupture and really cytoplasm into surrounding fluid. Many species of Streptococcal bacteria cause hemolysis and are classified based on their properties. Alpha hemolysis oxidizes iron in hemoglobin, while beta hemolysis completely ruptures red blood cells.
crenation
The usual cause of abnormal hemolysis in newborn is blood group incompatibility between mother and baby either Rh or ABO. Other causes are much less common-hereditary spherocytosis, thalassemia, G6PD deficiency etc.
Crenation of course.
group a Streptococcus pyogenes because its sensitive to Bacitracin.
yes
Bone Marrow - Apex
If a cell is placed into a hypotonic solution, the water will flow into the cell causing it to swell and possibly lyse. If a cell is placed into a hypertonic solution, the water will flow out of the cell causing it to crenate. So hemolysis occurs when the red blood cells lyse.
Hemolysis is the bursting of red blood cells (hemo- blood and lysis- bursting). There are three types of solutions that blood can be put into: hypertonic, hypotonic and isotonic. The names of these give you some clue as to how the cell will behave in solution. Hypertonic solutions have greater osmotic pressure than the cells they contain, which will cause the cell to shrivel as its contents diffuse into the solution. Hypotonic solutions have less osmotic pressure than the cells inside of them, so the contents of solution will diffuse across the cell membrane and into the cell, eventually causing it to swell and burst (hemolysis). Isotonic solutions have osmotic pressure equal to that of the solutes they contain, so no net change is observed.
clumping hemolysisDextrose % percent can alter red cell permeability and cause hemolysis