Blood

No, mature red blood cells do not have a nucleus or any DNA, including chromosomes. They eject their nucleus as part of the maturation process to make more space for hemoglobin, the oxygen-carrying protein in red blood cells.

A deficiency in both red and white blood cells can be caused by conditions such as aplastic anemia, bone marrow disorders, chemotherapy or radiation therapy, certain medications, and nutritional deficiencies like iron, vitamin B12, or folate. Additional investigations and tests may be needed to determine the specific cause.

Sodium ions are primarily transported into the cell through the sodium-potassium pump, an active transport mechanism that utilizes ATP to move ions against their concentration gradient. Potassium ions move between red blood cells and plasma mainly through passive diffusion, where they move down their concentration gradient through specific channels in the cell membrane.

Plasma (55%)
Proteins (7%)
Albumins (54%)
Globulins (38%)
Fibrinogen (7%)
Others (1%)
Water (91.5%)
Other solutes (1.5%)
Electrolytes. nutrients, gases, vitamins, waste products.

Formed elements (45%)
Red blood cells 4.8-5.4 million / mm3)
Platelets (250-400K/mm3)
White blood cells 5-10K/mm3)
Neutrophils (60-70%)
Lymphocytes (20-25%)
Monocytes (3-8%)
Eosinophils (2-4%)
Basophils (0.5-1%)

Blood cells, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets, are produced inside the bone marrow of certain bones in the body, such as the sternum, ribs, vertebrae, and pelvis. The bone marrow is a spongy tissue found within these bones that is responsible for the production of new blood cells.

A blood pH of 7.14 indicates acidosis. Treatment may involve addressing the underlying cause, such as respiratory or metabolic issues, administering fluids or medications to restore pH balance, and providing supportive care as necessary. It is important to closely monitor the patient's condition and adjust treatment accordingly.

When a red blood cell is placed in a hypertonic solution like dextrose, water will move out of the cell by osmosis, causing the cell to shrink and potentially become crenated. This is because the concentration of solutes outside the cell is higher than inside, creating a concentration gradient that drives water out of the cell.

Bone cells and red blood cells have fewer mitochondria because they do not require as much energy production compared to other cell types in the body. Bone cells are mainly involved in providing structure and support, while red blood cells are specialized for carrying oxygen and do not undergo aerobic respiration. Having fewer mitochondria helps these cells maintain their specific functions efficiently.

Erythropoiesis is the process of creating red blood cells in the bone marrow in response to signals from the hormone erythropoietin. This process helps increase the number of red blood cells in the body, improving oxygen transport and overall tissue function.

The biconcave shape of red blood cells allows for a larger surface area-to-volume ratio, which aids in gas exchange by increasing the efficiency of oxygen and carbon dioxide diffusion. Additionally, the shape gives red blood cells flexibility to deform and pass through narrow capillaries or vessels to deliver oxygen to tissues throughout the body.

A positive blood test for Lyme disease can remain positive for many years, even after successful treatment. This is because the antibodies produced in response to the infection can persist in the blood. It is important to interpret the test results in the context of clinical symptoms and additional tests if needed.

Yes, this combination is possible as blood types B and O are compatible for childbearing. The potential offspring could have blood types B or O. However, determining blood compatibility for marriage or reproduction is more complex and involves additional factors beyond just blood type. It is recommended to consult with a medical professional for personalized advice.

The red color of red blood cells comes from hemoglobin, a protein that binds to oxygen and gives the cells their characteristic hue. Hemoglobin contains iron, which is responsible for the red coloration.

Yes, an erythrocyte can become hemolyzed even if the solution remains clear. Hemolysis can occur due to factors like osmotic imbalances, mechanical stress, or the presence of certain chemicals. Clear solution indicates that the hemoglobin released from the lysed erythrocytes is well dissolved in the surrounding fluid.

The reading for red blood cells typically refers to the number of red blood cells present in a specific volume of blood. This measurement is known as the red blood cell count and is an important indicator of the blood's ability to transport oxygen throughout the body. Abnormal readings can indicate conditions such as anemia or polycythemia.

Mammals, including humans, lack nuclei in their mature red blood cells. This absence of a nucleus allows for more space to carry oxygen and carbon dioxide efficiently.

A high number of small cells in the blood could indicate conditions like anemia, thalassemia, or chronic bleeding. Further evaluation including blood tests and possibly a bone marrow biopsy may be needed to determine the underlying cause.

bacteriophage is a virus that kills bacteria

No, cells do not contain blood. Blood is a specialized connective tissue composed of different types of cells suspended in a liquid matrix called plasma. Cells are the basic structural and functional units of all living organisms.

One unit of platelets typically contains about 50 to 70 milliliters of volume. The expected rise in platelet count after transfusion can vary depending on the individual's condition, but a general guideline is an increase of 5,000 to 10,000 platelets per microliter of blood for every unit of platelets transfused.

White blood cells do not contain hemoglobin; they are part of the immune system and play a crucial role in fighting infections and diseases. Red blood cells are the ones primarily made of hemoglobin and are responsible for carrying oxygen throughout the body.

Blood doping is the process of injecting extra blood to result in a higher heamoglobin level. This improves oxygen carrying capacity and endurance.

The source of the blood can be autologous (the blood was initially taken from the person, usually following training at altitude to increase the level of heamoglobin, frozen, and then injected back into the same person) or heterologous (tranferring blood from one person to another).

Platelets are the blood cells responsible for clotting. They gather at the site of injury and release chemical signals to start the clotting process.

When red blood cells are kept in a 10% glucose solution, water will flow out of the cells due to osmosis, causing them to shrink and become crenated. This is because the solution is hypertonic compared to the inside of the red blood cells.

Red blood cells, also known as red corpuscles, are the most common type of blood cell. They are responsible for carrying oxygen from the lungs to all the tissues in the body, and for carrying carbon dioxide back to the lungs to be exhaled. Red blood cells contain a protein called hemoglobin, which gives them their red color and allows them to transport oxygen.