Circulatory System

The heart pumps oxygenated blood to the body through the arteries. These blood vessels branch out into smaller vessels called arterioles and then capillaries, where oxygen and nutrients are exchanged with tissues. Deoxygenated blood returns to the heart through the veins to be reoxygenated.

If the nephron didn't reabsorb salt and nutrients, essential substances like water, electrolytes, and glucose would be lost in the urine, leading to dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, and potential nutrient deficiencies in the body. This could disrupt normal bodily functions and lead to complications over time.

During bag breathing, the level of carbon dioxide in the lungs decreases as you exhale more deeply and frequently, helping to expel excess carbon dioxide from the body. Bag breathing can help eliminate CO2 buildup and improve oxygen levels in the bloodstream.

In type 2 diabetes, the body either resists the effects of insulin or doesn't produce enough insulin to maintain normal glucose levels. Over time, high blood glucose levels can damage blood vessels and lead to cardiovascular issues. Therefore, individuals with type 2 diabetes are at a higher risk of developing circulatory system problems such as heart disease, stroke, and peripheral artery disease.

The vascular system in plants, which consists of xylem and phloem, serves a function similar to the circulatory system in humans. Xylem transports water and minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant, while phloem transports sugars produced during photosynthesis to all parts of the plant for energy.

Examples of organisms with open circulatory systems include arthropods, such as insects, spiders, and crustaceans. In these organisms, the circulatory system does not contain blood vessels; instead, the blood is pumped from the heart into body cavities where it directly bathes the tissues before returning to the heart.

Cancer is a disease of cell division. It occurs when abnormal cells grow uncontrollably and invade surrounding tissues. The circulatory system can play a role in cancer by allowing cancer cells to spread to other parts of the body (metastasis) through the bloodstream.

The progressive evolution of respiratory and circulatory systems in vertebrates involves adaptations that improve oxygen delivery to tissues. For example, the transition from gills to lungs allowed terrestrial vertebrates to breathe air more efficiently, while the development of a double circulatory system (pulmonary and systemic circuits) in mammals enhances oxygen distribution throughout the body. These evolutionary changes have contributed to the success of vertebrates in diverse environments.

Cells in animals like mammals get the resources they need to survive through the process of nutrient uptake. Nutrients such as glucose, amino acids, and fatty acids are absorbed from the bloodstream into the cell through processes like diffusion and active transport. These nutrients are then used for energy production, growth, and maintenance of cellular functions.

The cell nucleus is part of the endocrine system, as it plays a key role in regulating gene expression and storing genetic information in the form of DNA.

The size and thickness of blood vessels vary based on their function and location in the body. Arteries have thicker walls and are more muscular to withstand the high pressure of blood pumped by the heart. Veins have thinner walls and valves to prevent backflow of blood. Capillaries are very small and thin-walled to allow for exchange of gases and nutrients between blood and tissues.

The lymphatic system is responsible for carrying digested fats away from the intestines. Special vessels called lacteals within the small intestine absorb fats and transport them as chyle to the lymphatic system, which eventually returns the fats to the bloodstream.

Observing a heart in action would fall under physiology, as it involves studying the functions and processes of the heart, such as its beating and blood-pumping mechanisms. Anatomy, on the other hand, focuses on the structure and physical characteristics of the heart.

The circulatory system distributes oxygen to body tissues as it works with the respiratory system. It also helps bring carbon dioxide back to the lungs so that it can be expelled.

The respiratory system is responsible for bringing oxygen into the body and removing carbon dioxide waste. The circulatory system then transports oxygen to cells and carries carbon dioxide away from cells for elimination.

Unicellular organisms are small and have a high surface area-to-volume ratio, allowing for efficient diffusion of materials in and out of the cell. Their simple structure and small size means they can rely on diffusion to transport materials within the cell and with their environment without the need for a complex transport system like that found in multicellular organisms.

Circulatory system

The circulatory system works with the respiratory system to oxygenate the body. The respiratory system brings oxygen into the body through the lungs, where it is then picked up by red blood cells in the circulatory system and transported to tissues and organs.

lymphatic system is the one that is responsible of the re absorption of fluids (interstitial fluid) accumulating in the intravascular back to the circulatory system. it carries WBC (White Blood Cells) and build the bone's lymphnode. The lymph transports antigen-presenting cells (APCs), such as dendritic cells, to the lymph nodes where an immune response is stimulated. it absorbs and transports fatty acids and fats as chyle from the digestive system.

Corticosteroids travel throughout the body via the bloodstream and bind to specific receptors located in various tissues, such as the lungs, skin, and immune system. Once bound to these receptors, corticosteroids exert their anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects.

Flatworms do not have a circulatory system because they are thin enough for nutrients and gases to diffuse directly through their bodies. They also lack a respiratory system as they absorb oxygen and release carbon dioxide through their skin.

blood

Capillaries are the smallest kind of blood vessels in the circulatory system. They connect arterioles and venules and facilitate the exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste products between the blood and tissues.

Heart, blood vessels, blood are parts of the circulatory system.