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Aldosterone is secreted by the adrenal cortex in the adrenal gland - more specifically, in the zona glomerulosa. The adrenal gland is located right above your kidneys. It's normally depicted in most images by a yellow triangular shaped object that sits atop both the left and right kidneys. Epinephrine or adrenaline is secreted by adrenal medula.

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ONLY a Veterinarian should give oxytocin to your dog in labor. If you are doing it yourself, you could literally blow out the uterus so do NOT do it yourself, only with your Veterinarian. It is not for labor pain but to induce contractions of the uterus.

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no it doesn't

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No, it is a neurotransmitter. A hormone, is a compound produced by an endocrine gland and released into the bloodstream. A neurotransmitters are chemicals that transmit signals from a neuron to a target cell across the synapse and most are synthesized at the nerve terminals.

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Yes you can. Studies have shown that it has improved the thickness and collagen in post menopausal women. This medication is not FDA approved but it can be bought online.

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nothing when my little brother learnt how to undo zips he got into my bag and sucked insulin fron a cartridge and when we took him to hospital and they told use that your stomach acid is stronger than insulin and will destroy it before it can have any affect on you

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That is perfectly true.

Insulin is a type of protein (a hormone), and as all the other protein, insulin is broken down into amino acids (which make up the proteins), started in the stomach, finished in the small intestine. It is absorbed from the small intestine for further use in the body.

Once it is broken down, it becomes just a number of harmless amino acids. That is the reason why insulin has to be injected. If it goes through digestion it is no longer a 'hormone'; it loses all the function of an insulin hormone has, including its affects on blood glucose.

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Yes. But it's disgustingly expensive. $350.00/mg.

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Glucagon is released from the pancreas.

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Vitamin D supplement.

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yes a ligand is anything that can change the conformation of a receptor protein. hormones bind to proteins in the same way ligands do

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Renin can be upregulated in two ways:

Macula densa cells in the early distal tubule of the nephron communicates with the juxtaglomerular cells of the afferent arteriole in the kidney. When the macula densa cells detect low levels of sodium, it will communicate that to the juxtaglomerular cells and in turn that will stimulate the production of renin. This is the glomerular tubular feedback system.

The second way it can be stimulated is by the somatic nervous system directly. When the baroreceptors detect a drop in pressure they will stimulate your SNS and inhibit your PNS. This has several cardiovascular effects in addition to stimulating renal nerves that will upregulate more renin from the juxtaglomerular cells.

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Yes, they are.

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Aldosterone causes sodium to be retained and potassium to be excreted and blood pressure to rise.

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Erythropoietin is produced by the peritubular capillary endothelial cells in the kidney. Erythropoietin stimulates red blood cell production in the bone marrow.

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Yes.

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Yes, since it derives from cholestrol.

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In more severe cases, there may be dark patches (Acanthosis nigricans) on the neck, elbows, knees, knuckles, and armpits.

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Insulin is a protein

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yes. they also decrease renin

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Insulin currently cannot be taken by mouth, because it is a protein, and the gastric juices in the stomach would destroy it. So by injecting it under the skin, you are enabling the insulin to eventually get into the blood stream without having it get destroyed in the stomach. There is considerable research going on to try to resolve this problem--studies are ongoing to develop a pill form.

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Oxytocin and another hormone, ADH (anti-diuretic hormone) are very similar in structure. If there is too much oxytocin present in the blood it can begin to act like ADH. The job of ADH is to induce the kidneys to produce less urine and help the body retain more fluid. So too much ADH activity leads to volume overload, also known as water intoxication.

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insulin

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Adderall usually raises cortisol levels. Most substances or experiences which trigger fight or flight type responses like stimulants will do this. ADHD and other illness that are treated by Adderall are thought to involve disruptions in the HPA axis. For most real ADHD sufferers this increase in cortisol is thought to cause improvement in symptoms and it is rare that someone without abnormal adrenal function experiences high cortisol (Cushing's) symptoms.