Toxicology is commonly classified into three branches:

• Descriptive Toxicology: This field studies and describes the adverse effects of numerous chemicals on living beings. It entails determining the many types of toxins, their origins, and how they influence the body.

• Mechanistic Toxicology: This branch of toxicology studies how harmful compounds interact with the body at the cellular and molecular levels. It seeks to understand the mechanisms by which toxins create harm and how the body responds to these negative effects.

• Regulatory Toxicology: Regulatory toxicology is the development of rules and regulations to regulate and restrict harmful substance exposure. To protect human health and the environment, this section works to develop safety standards, allowable levels of exposure, and guidelines for the use of chemicals.

These are the three basic branches of toxicology, to know about these branches in detail and explore other branches of toxicology, students can opt for an online course - Forensic Medicine and Toxicology for UnderGrads.

This course was developed and is delivered by the best faculty and one of the most eminent authors, Dr Gautam Biswas, who is known for his books "Review of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology", "Recent Advances in Forensic Medicine and Toxicology volume-1 and 2", and "Manual of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology".

All components of the course are covered in lectures and are presented in an engaging manner. The course provides concise and simple text, as well as flowcharts, animations, short films, and infographics to help students better understand the ideas.

conifers: any tree that has thin leaves needles and produces cones. Many types are evergreen. Pines, firs, junipers, larches, spruces, and yews are conifers.

deciduous:describes trees and bushes that shed their leaves in the fall.

I don't think that you need to worry, cats lick themselves so a shampoo developed for cats should not be harmful if ingested. However, the shampoo bottle should tell you if it is harmful to humans and if so tell you what to do if you swallow any....it is always a good idea to read the instructions and warnings on bottles!

Extract from the Venus Flytrap is collected and sold as an alternative medicine which claims to treat Crohn's Disease and skin cancer. However, there is insufficient scientific evidence to support the effectiveness of the medicine.

Prolotex Far Infrared Socks are not available in Stores. You can order on Prolotex (dot) com

Using the soxhlet method, you can extract essential oils from hard materials. This method uses a superheated steam distillation process to get all of the oils out of anise and cardamom plants, among others.

Most commonly, people will fill a bucket with water, and then add a large bottle of Apple Cider Vinegar to it. They will rest their feet in the bucket for around 30 minutes, several times a day. Colloidal Silver is also useful for nail fungus. It needs to be directly applied.

Adding small amounts of baking soda to your fluids will help you to regain an alkaline body. Alkalinity boosts your immune system and does not allow diseases to live. For instance, Cancer cannot live at a PH of 8.0.

It can also be used in brushing your teeth if you cannot get hold of some non-fluoridated toothpaste. Natural toothpaste is becoming much more common and is now available at some Walmart stores, and all of them so far contain some baking soda.

3 tsp of unpasteurized apple cider vinegar in water 3x per day will keep your body alkaline.

Usually, unless it's full of cream or oil. In that case it's not so good for you. Soup takes a long time to digest (compared to the same food drunk with an equivilant amount of water), but is relatively low calorie, which aids weight loss. Also, soup usually contains plenty of vegetables.

No, you cannot eat watermelon on a clear liquid diet. The diet consists only of clear liquids, such as plain gelatin, fat free consomme, water, broth, etc. Clear means anything that you can see through. The principle is that these things are easily digested and leave no undigested residue in the intestinal tract.

Gin is, by definition, made from juniper berries so theoretically all brands of gin should be made from juniper berries.

Cranberry Concentrate Unsweetened, Tree Of Life or Hain's brand is my secret weapon for bladder infections. Cranberry juice or frozen cranberry concentrate is NOT the same thing. This concentrated stuff is often not on the juice shelf. It may be in with the nutritional supplements. Cranberry juice in general (concentrated or juice) makes the inside of the bladder wall slicker so bacteria can't stick to it. It also helps to tighten urethral sphincter muscles so you don't dribble-a very annoying problem as many of you already know! You'd have to drink a couple of gallons of Cranberry juice off the shelf to get the same affect as just two tablespoons of this stuff. Plus, you'd be ingesting so much sugar that if your bladder infection had anything to do with yeast, the sugar would feed it. I put this concentrated stuff in a shot glass, down it, and then chase it with an ounce or two of plain water. The chaser turns the acrid flavor instantly sweet and is therefore more tolerable. Repeat the treatment for about a week. If that doesn't do the trick, you are on the wrong track. Note: I've noticed that the cranberry capsules are not near as effective as the concentrate. Other ways to use the stuff are to put some in your smoothies every once in a while as a preventative. I also purchase a couple extra bags of fresh cranberries during this time of the year to store in the freezer so I can toss a handful of them into my smoothies occasionally as a preventative.

Perhaps, though most likely not. Peppermint oil repels insects.

I've lived 20 years in an old farm house surrounded by hay fields, deer woods, and cattle. I've battled field mice, and pack rats, the entire time I've lived here.

I hear about peppermint oil on cotton balls via television and thought it was worth a try. I started with the drawer under my oven, cleaned it really good

with hot soapy water and towel dried it. Took four cotton balls and dabbed peppermint oil on each of them and placed them in each corner of the drawer.

A few days later I located a pack rat nest in another drawer in the kitchen and I cleaned it and put four peppermint oil dabbed cotton balls, one in each corner and shut the drawer.

That was two weeks ago. I checked the drawers today for the first time since placing the peppermint oil dabbed cotton balls in them. No sign of mice at all! It's winter time and mice move in for the winter every winter. Thing winter they may be moving our permanently! The peppermint oil also kills off the horrible smell left behind by the mice. If in fact peppermint oil does repel insects, I pray it works for brown recluse spiders. I'll keep an eye out for those also come spring. I'll loving the stuff and plan to grow my own peppermint and make my own oil. Brig Gen

When inhaled, the oil can reduce fever, relieve nausea and vomiting, improve digestion, and soothe the respiratory system.

It would be hard enough to build up sufficient concentration, but you needn't worry. Professionals don't treat for them because they don't live long off of the host so the problem will resolve itself.

Leeching was an often proscribed treatment in the 1800's. Doctors thought it would cure you of "bad blood". So, they would give you a leech and you were to let it suck your blood several times a day. Once the leech is done (after it looses its grip because it is so full) you put it back in the jar. The doctors were all wrong though the leeches were sucking the good, vital blood not, the bad blood. David Barton (Clara Barton's older brother) was proscribed leeching after he fell from the rafters of a barn and had continuous fevers and headaches.

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To be an obstetrician/gynecologist, a medical degree from an accredited medical schol such as a Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (D.O.) degree, Doctor of Medicine (M.D.) degree, or a Bachelor of Medicine/Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS/MBChB) degree is required. After earning one of these medical degrees, a residency in obstetrics/gynecology must be completed and board certification examinations must be successfully passed to be a board-certified Ob/Gyn.

The best treatment for the common flu is to start the moment you feel the flu coming on. For the first day, rest, take vitamin C, zinc** and an over the counter fever reducer like ibuprofen, aspirin (not for children 14 or under due to Reye's syndrome) or acetaminophen (use only as directed, can be liver toxic). Use zinc every four hours to a maximum of four (4) zinc tablets in one day. If the flu has not gotten remarkably better the next day, repeat the dosages and timing for all.

By the third day you should be up and around and in the recovery phase. At which time you take Vitamin C and zinc twice a day (morning and night) until the symptoms are gone. Once the flu is gone, stop taking the zinc.

To help maintain a healthy immune system, it is advisable to eat well, exercise regularly, get enough sunlight and in the flu season supplement your diet with extra vitamin C and echinacea. Follow the instructions for taking echinacea.

**Recent studies have shown that the zinc lozenges are more effective than taking oral zinc supplements for colds or flu, it is believed that it helps prevent the viruses from attaching as easily to the cells of the mucous tissue (this is how the viruses invade our bodies) since the lozenges coat the mucous tissue directly. Follow label directions.

This can lead to heart problems because your heart is getting no "rest." When you sleep, your heart beat slows down giving it some time to recuperate from the long day of work. No sleep will also lead to stress, which not only affects you physically but also affects your organs.