placenta
Due to the placenta and the exchange of nutrients and waste products from the fetal to the maternal circulation the fetal kidneys are not that important to the baby's health.
Feto-maternal refers to the relationship between the fetus and the mother during pregnancy. It involves the interactions and exchanges that occur between the developing fetus and the mother's body to support fetal growth and development. This relationship is crucial for the health and well-being of both the fetus and the mother.
Yes, it is possible for this to happen and it can result in fetal death, miscarriage or stillbirth. However, there are several control points in the placenta to help reduce this risk, including the barriers between maternal circulation and fetal circulation.
Fetal bradycardia during pregnancy can be caused by factors such as maternal hypotension, maternal hypothermia, fetal hypoxia, umbilical cord compression, and certain medications.
In a typical pregnancy, the red blood cells (RBCs) of the mother do not enter the fetus's circulation due to the placental barrier. The placenta allows for the exchange of nutrients and waste but prevents the direct mixing of maternal and fetal blood. However, in certain situations, such as trauma or complications during delivery, some maternal RBCs can cross into fetal circulation, which can lead to conditions like hemolytic disease of the newborn.
Maternal to fetal infections are transmitted from the mother to her fetus, either across the placenta during fetal development (prenatal) or during labor and passage through the birth canal (perinatal).
Fetal surgery, antenatal surgery, or maternal-fetal surgery.
In developed countries widespread HIV testing and anti-retroviral therapy have reduced maternal-fetal transmission dramatically.
The fetal circulation is based mainly on the veinous circulation during pregnancy. Once the uterine connections are lost, the adult circulation takes over.
ultasound
There are two veins that carry oxygen they are the Pulmonary vein and the Umbilical vein:-)
Prevention of maternal-to-fetal HSV transmission includes abstaining from sexual activity during the last trimester; using a condom; postponing membrane rupture; avoiding a fetal monitor; and, avoiding vacuum or forceps deliveries.