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What is the function of the proton pumps in the thylakoid membranes?
moving hydrogen nuclei out of the thylakoid
Hydrogen ions move from the outer to the inner compartment of the mitochondria through what molecule?
Hydrogen ions move from the outer to the inner compartment of the mitochondria through the electron transport system. The energy used to synthesize ATP.
What type of process takes place if the hydrogen ions move without the help of additional energy?
Facilitated diffusion
Where does the energy to move hydrogen ions across the thylakoids membrane come from?
Concentration gradient is made first.Solar energy is used.
The movement of ions across cell membranes is an example?
Some ions are prevented from moving down their concentration gradients by ATP-driven pumps. Some ions move from high to low concentration gradients through membrane protein channels, and some ion gates in the membrane can open in response to electrical potential changes.
Where do hydrogen pumps move hydrogen ions in what structure?
They move hydrogen ions in the thylakoid.
Hydrogen pumps move hydrogen ions into which structure?
The thylakoid
What is the function of the proton pumps in the thylakoid membranes?
moving hydrogen nuclei out of the thylakoid
Hydrogen ions move from the outer to the inner compartment of the mitochondria through what molecule?
Hydrogen ions move from the outer to the inner compartment of the mitochondria through the electron transport system. The energy used to synthesize ATP.
What ions must routinely move across cellular membranes?
Through diffusion, or facilitated diffusion via protein channels, or active transport via protein channel pumps (active transport goes against the concentration gradient) Most cells in our bodies use active transport to maintain electrolytic balances.
What type of process takes place if the hydrogen ions move without the help of additional energy?
Facilitated diffusion
What hydrogen ion pumps do?
also referred to as "Chemiosmotic Synthesis of ATP", hydrogen ions are removed from one side of the membrane to another. (inside to out), generating a proton gradient across the membrane. So we have a high concn of H+ ions outside the cell membrane. This causes the H+ ions in urgent need to get back inside with diffusion, thus protons move across membrane through special channels. Their passage drives the synthesis of ATP as well. btw this is also Active Transport. (ATP from cell is required).
Where does the energy to move hydrogen ions across the thylakoids membrane come from?
Concentration gradient is made first.Solar energy is used.
What will most likely happen if the hydrogen pump protein in photosystem 2 does not move enough H ions into the thylakoids?
Well, not enough gradient will be built up so hydrogen comes down it's concentration gradient through the synthase and synthesizes ATP. Also NADPH will be adversely affected.
What is a symport system?
A symport system utilizes a carrier protein to move hydrogen and chloride ions from inside to outside of the cell, and requires energy to do this.
Do sodium and chloride ions move around in pairs when in solution?
No, they move around apart from each others, each of them are surrounded by 'hydrogen bonded' water molecules (approx. 20, mantled)
What is formed when enzymes move hydrogen ions across a membrane to an area of greater concentration?
I will say the answer is osmosis or diffusion...I'll go with osmosis. MC
