The Arab Israel conflict in Middle East has long been an important agenda item in US foreign policy and politics. US unflinching support for Israel has been a constant throughout. More recently conflicts in Afghanistan and Iraq and Syria have been important and played an important part in US politics, specially two consecutive defeats for Republicans.
As the US did not exist until comparatively recently most conflicts in Asia had no effect at all on the politics of the US Very true, but I wouldn't ignore the conflicts in Iraq, Afghanistan, Vietnam, World War II, the Korean Expedition of of 1871 or the Philippine War of Independence. I'm sure some of these have had some effect on US politics but I wouldn't be able to answer your question directly.
Its population alone makes it a major player in world politics.
The alleviation of immigration laws brought on by the "Yellow Peril" in America during the 1880s thru the 1930s. Yellow Peril=Yellow Race competing with the White Race for supremacy.
The common answer was to end the spread of Communism into Southeast Asia.
Vietnam
Cold War
there wasnt really a conflict that caused Japan to attack the US. the US was not at war with Japan until after Pearl Harbor, in which the Japanese were the aggressors.
maintain an open trade policy in Asia
How did the involvement of the United States with Southern Asia politics impact the domestic political climate during the 1950's? The US wanted strategic military influence in the Indian ocean. To achieve this they felt that having bases for their navy and marines on the Asian mainland would be helpfull. in turn to achieve this they were willing to bolster any Government through any means to achieve their aims.
The Atlantic and Pacific Oceans protected the US.
it limited the supply of labor in the west
It passed on to us elements of politics, language, arts, building styles.